中国岩溶

Influence of Shuanghe Cave development on the changes of surface water system in Suiyang county, Guizhou, China

Located in Suiyang county of Guizhuo Province， Shuanghe Cave is the longest one in China， as well as the world longest in dolomite area. In order to better understand the formation of Shuanghe Cave， we have conducted the research of the influence of Shuanghe Cave development on the changes of surface water system in the study area， based on the data of Shuanghe Cave exploration and surface survey. After analyzing the development characteristics of Shuanghe Cave， the geomorphic and topographic features of surface riverbed， and the characteristics of modern water system， we draw the conclusion as follows，（1） the surface water system in Shuanghe Cave system changes with the development of Shuanghe Cave；（2） in this area， the karst paleo-drainage system used to be two independent watershed units， but now the underground river becomes one watershed unit due to the development of Shuanghe Cave system；（3） the development of Shuanghe Cave contributes to the capture of groundwater from surface water， which has formed 4 betrunked streams；（4） the uplift of the earth's crust and the descending the groundwater level lead to the heightening of hydraulic gradient， thus strengthening the groundwater transport capacity and accelerating the development of caves. All of these factors provide good overtopping conditions and hydraulic differences for the capture of groundwater from surface water， forming the main driving forces of the changes of water systems in the study area.

Comparative study on the causes of travertine degradation between Pamukkale in Turkey and Huanglong, Baishuitai in China

The factors of slow degradation of travertine in Pamukkale Turkey were discussed by comparing the basic environmental geological characteristics， hydrochemistry of travertine landscape， and biological factors of travertine sedimentation in Huanglong， Sichuan， Baishuitai， Yunnan， China， and Pamukkale， Denizli， Turkey. The results showed the species of algae in Pamukkale was single with about 38 species， and the vegetation coverage rate was low. Besides， travertine deposition was mainly controlled by abiotic factors， and the deposition rate was relatively high. Travertine had a good layered structure， low primary porosity and compact structure， so it was not easy to collapse and damage. However， the species of algae in Huanglong and Baishuitai were diverse with about 86 and 196 species， respectively. And both vegetation coverage rates were above 80%. Travertine deposition was mainly controlled by biological factors with the low-rate deposition， the porous structure， the loose or porous coral-like and the high primary porosity， resulting in easy degradation Besides， the contents of ions in the spring water of Pamukkale travertine were higher than that of Huanglong and Baishuitai travertine， especially Ca²⁺ and HCO3-， which could effectively promote the deposition of CaCO₃.

Environmental DNA: An emerging tool in studying cave organisms

China has enormous caves with diverse cave organisms. Many cave creatures have small population size and limited distribution. Therefore， the traditional survey on cave fauna may harm some rare or endangered cave species. Its low efficiency could also restrict the studies of cave biodiversity and conservation. As an emerging survey method， environmental DNA （eDNA） can be used to extract the trace DNA of cave organisms from the environment and to qualitatively or quantitatively investigate the cave biodiversity with the technology such as PCR. After reviewing the principles of eDNA， its advantages and current research status， we put forward a basic process for the application of eDNA in cave biological surveys. We expect that the eDNA can play an important role in future studies of biospeleology in China. To achieve this aim， a thorough database of DNA barcodes and a classic taxonomy for Chinese cave organisms are urgently needed.

Evolutional process of erosional tiankengs

In this paper， the common features of the erosional tiankeng are discussed by comparing the stratigraphic structure， geomorphic evolution and hydrogeological characteristics of four tiankengs in the world， i.e.， Qingkou Tiankeng in Wulong karst of Chongqing and Boniu Tiankeng in Xiaonanhai Plateau of Hanzhong， China， Mangily Tiankeng in Ankarana Plateau， Madagascar， and Atea Tiankeng in Muller Plateau， Papua New Guinea. The current study indicates that the erosional tiankeng is commonly characterized by ternary （sandwich） or binary stratigraphic structure， covered-karst distribution， deep vadose zone and great topographic differences， as well as catchment of rainwater by the overlying layer. Based on these genesis conditions， when the surface water converges and flows into the soluble rock aquifer to form underground karst cave， its evolutionary stages can be divided into （1） sinkhole-shaft （underground river） stage，（2） erosion-shaft-chamber stage，（3） collapse-forming tiankeng stage， and（4）tiankeng degradation stage. The genesis analysis of erosional tiankeng provides a new insight into its evolutionary mechanism.

Forming mechanism of breast-like stalactites based on the experimental analysis of cave deposition from Dixin canyon, Yangxin, Hubei

The current study on the forming mechanism of breast-like stalactites is still at the stage of "scientific conjecture". In this study，samples of a pair of twin breast-like stalactites were collected in a cave of Dixin canyon at Yangxin county， Hubei Province. We carried out the mineral composition， crystal morphology and geochronology studies on the samples， and obtained new understanding. The breast-like stalactite is composed of calcite that formed the compact/porous inter-layers. The calcite of compact layer is rhombohedral，colorless and transparent，growing vertically downwards without lateral expansion. The calcite of porous layer is in the form of fine particles，milky white and opaque，and aggregates in a "coating" structure， with a certain degree of lateral expansion， which accounts for the expansion of the base and trunk of the breast-like stalactite. The dating results suggest that the compact and porous layers do not grow continuously， but existing significant hiatus. The ²³²Th content of the porous layer is generally one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of the compact layer，indicating that the content of water-insoluble impurities in the porous layer is significantly higher than that of the compact layer. Based on the experimental results and the observations that the "coating" depositions are also on the walls and roofs of the cave，we speculate that the solution recharging "coating" depositions seeps from surrounding rocks or solid sediments （stalactites）. The porous structure of "coating" deposition may be due to the diversion of underground river， the deterioration of the cave sealing， the decrease of CO₂ concentration in the cave， and resultant acceleration of calcite crystallization rate. These factors make calcite crystal more defects and messy accumulation.

Volume 40 Issue 6 2021

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Forming mechanism of breast-like stalactites based on the experimental analysis of cave deposition from Dixin canyon, Yangxin, Hubei

DUAN Wuhui, ZHOU Xianjin, PAN Yang, XU Kejian, GUO Shenxiang, TAN Ming

2021, 40(6): 907-913. doi: 10.11932/karst20210601

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Reanalysis of interannual variability of precipitation δ¹⁸O in southern China in response to ENSO

WANG Quan, YUAN Shayue, ZHAI Xiumin, XIA Chengwei, LI Yi, LAN Jianghu

2021, 40(6): 914-919. doi: 10.11932/karst20210602

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Influence of Shuanghe Cave development on the changes of surface water system in Suiyang county, Guizhou, China

LUO Shuwen, HE Wei, ZHANG Yuanhai, DENG Yadong, WU Kehua, ZHOU Wenlong, ZHANG Hongzhi, LUO Shiqin

2021, 40(6): 920-931. doi: 10.11932/karst20210603

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Distribution law and genetic mechanism of karst collapse in Longquan village-Qingfengshan village, Chongqing

WU Yuanbin, LUO Weiquan, YIN Renchao, LIU Zhikui, DAI Jianling, PAN Zongyuan, ZHOU Fubiao

2021, 40(6): 932-942. doi: 10.11932/karst2021y43

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Numerical investigation on the main controlling factors of the dissolution evolution of three-dimensional fracture-cavity reservoirs

ZHU Xinyue, LI Sanbai, FENG Xiating, KANG Zhijinag, FAN Hongzhuo, HUANG Xiaote

2021, 40(6): 943-951. doi: 10.11932/karst20210604

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Evolutional process of erosional tiankengs

ZHAI Xiumin, ZHANG Yuanhai, LI Fayuan, SHI Wenqiang, WEI Haoxing

2021, 40(6): 952-964. doi: 10.11932/karst20210605

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Mechanism of Miao Chamber in Ziyun county based on terrestrial laser scanning and structural analysis

ZHOU Wenlong, Jean Bottazzi, TAN Ming, FAN Yunlong, FU Liangtong, WANG Deyuan

2021, 40(6): 965-976. doi: 10.11932/karst20210606

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Evaluation of karst cave landscape and geological tourism resources in "Walayaku" of Nujiang grand canyon

ZHANG Hua, PENG Yirong, ZHAO Li, WANG Yu, KANG Xiaobo, WANG Bo, CHAI Jinlong

2021, 40(6): 977-986. doi: 10.11932/karst20210607

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Evaluation of graded protection of scenic spots in tourist caves: A case study of Taigu cave, Youyang, Chongqing

DENG Yadong, YANG Hongyong, GUO Xiaohong, CHEN Leiyou, CHEN Yu, ZHANG Ningjing

2021, 40(6): 987-994. doi: 10.11932/karst20210608

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Founded in 1982 bimonthly

ISSN: 1001-4810 CN 45-1157/P

Editor-in-chief: Jiang Zhongcheng

Sponsor: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Sponsored by: Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Cosponsor: International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCOKarst Geology Committee of Geological Society of ChinaCave Committee of Geological Society of China

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