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2021 Vol. 40, No. 6

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Forming mechanism of breast-like stalactites based on the experimental analysis of cave deposition from Dixin canyon, Yangxin, Hubei
DUAN Wuhui, ZHOU Xianjin, PAN Yang, XU Kejian, GUO Shenxiang, TAN Ming
2021, 40(6): 907-913. doi: 10.11932/karst20210601
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1393KB) icon1771 icon124
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The current study on the forming mechanism of breast-like stalactites is still at the stage of "scientific conjecture". In this study，samples of a pair of twin breast-like stalactites were collected in a cave of Dixin canyon at Yangxin county， Hubei Province. We carried out the mineral composition， crystal morphology and geochronology studies on the samples， and obtained new understanding. The breast-like stalactite is composed of calcite that formed the compact/porous inter-layers. The calcite of compact layer is rhombohedral，colorless and transparent，growing vertically downwards without lateral expansion. The calcite of porous layer is in the form of fine particles，milky white and opaque，and aggregates in a "coating" structure， with a certain degree of lateral expansion， which accounts for the expansion of the base and trunk of the breast-like stalactite. The dating results suggest that the compact and porous layers do not grow continuously， but existing significant hiatus. The 232Th content of the porous layer is generally one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of the compact layer，indicating that the content of water-insoluble impurities in the porous layer is significantly higher than that of the compact layer. Based on the experimental results and the observations that the "coating" depositions are also on the walls and roofs of the cave，we speculate that the solution recharging "coating" depositions seeps from surrounding rocks or solid sediments （stalactites）. The porous structure of "coating" deposition may be due to the diversion of underground river， the deterioration of the cave sealing， the decrease of CO2 concentration in the cave， and resultant acceleration of calcite crystallization rate. These factors make calcite crystal more defects and messy accumulation.
Reanalysis of interannual variability of precipitation δ18O in southern China in response to ENSO
WANG Quan, YUAN Shayue, ZHAI Xiumin, XIA Chengwei, LI Yi, LAN Jianghu
2021, 40(6): 914-919. doi: 10.11932/karst20210602
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1341KB) icon1516 icon98
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Oxygen isotope records （δ18O） obtained from stalagmites in southern China are valuable proxy data for paleomonsoon reconstruction. However， the interpretation of the stalagmite δ18O records remains an ongoing debate. Based on simulation data and meteorological observation data， we present the interannual variability of precipitation δ18O series of 16 major cities in southern China from 1979 to 2016 and extract the first principal component（PC1）of these δ18O series by using principal component analysis. Overall，the PC1 shows a significantly positive correlation with the Ocean Nino Index（r=0.74，P<0.01，n=38），indicating that El Niño-Southern Oscillation（ENSO）has a significant impact on the interannual variability of precipitation δ18O in southern China. Further analysis shows that ENSO affects the precipitation δ18O by controlling the convective activities over the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea and the intensity of the west Pacific subtropical high， but the effect of the convective activities over the primary moisture regions may be stronger. In addition， the correlation between precipitation δ18O and ENSO is not stable during different periods， which will lead to large uncertainties in ENSO reconstruction based on stalagmites δ18O records in Asian Monsoon regions.
Influence of Shuanghe Cave development on the changes of surface water system in Suiyang county, Guizhou, China
LUO Shuwen, HE Wei, ZHANG Yuanhai, DENG Yadong, WU Kehua, ZHOU Wenlong, ZHANG Hongzhi, LUO Shiqin
2021, 40(6): 920-931. doi: 10.11932/karst20210603
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(2773KB) icon1688 icon139
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Located in Suiyang county of Guizhuo Province， Shuanghe Cave is the longest one in China， as well as the world longest in dolomite area. In order to better understand the formation of Shuanghe Cave， we have conducted the research of the influence of Shuanghe Cave development on the changes of surface water system in the study area， based on the data of Shuanghe Cave exploration and surface survey. After analyzing the development characteristics of Shuanghe Cave， the geomorphic and topographic features of surface riverbed， and the characteristics of modern water system， we draw the conclusion as follows， （1） the surface water system in Shuanghe Cave system changes with the development of Shuanghe Cave； （2） in this area， the karst paleo-drainage system used to be two independent watershed units， but now the underground river becomes one watershed unit due to the development of Shuanghe Cave system； （3） the development of Shuanghe Cave contributes to the capture of groundwater from surface water， which has formed 4  betrunked streams； （4） the uplift of the earth's crust and the descending the groundwater level lead to the heightening of hydraulic gradient， thus strengthening the groundwater transport capacity and accelerating the development of caves. All of these factors provide good overtopping conditions and hydraulic differences for the capture of groundwater from surface water， forming the main driving forces of the changes of water systems in the study area.
Distribution law and genetic mechanism of karst collapse in Longquan village-Qingfengshan village, Chongqing
WU Yuanbin, LUO Weiquan, YIN Renchao, LIU Zhikui, DAI Jianling, PAN Zongyuan, ZHOU Fubiao
2021, 40(6): 932-942. doi: 10.11932/karst2021y43
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4210KB) icon2067 icon112
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Located in Longquan village and Qingfengshan village， Zhongliang mountain， Chongqing， the study area is a geologically hazard area of karst collapse induced by the construction of Tuzhu tunnel. A total of 45 collapse pits developed in the area， which seriously endanger the safety of roads， houses， pipelines and villagers' lives. In order to find out the distribution law and genetic mechanism of karst collapse in the study area， this paper systematically studies the karst collapse by carrying out a number of work， such as special ground investigation， geophysical exploration， geological drilling of hydrogeological engineering and dynamic condition monitoring of karst collapse， and summarizes the distribution law and development characteristics of karst collapse in the study area， showing as follows， （1） Karst collapses mainly distribute in the intersection zone of trough and transverse gullies， low-lying areas or the surface along stream； （2） The formation and evolution of karst collapse shows the characteristics of expanding from low-lying place to high place， and gradually expanding from the core of tunnel drainage area to the periphery of the edge.Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of karst collapse， the formation and evolution of karst collapse in the study area is divided into three stages， the first two of which are at the peak of collapse. The main controlling factors inducing karst collapse are different in each stage. In the first stage， the karst collapse is mainly controlled by the effect of seepage subsurface erosion， and increasing load and softening effect. The sudden change of water and gas pressure in karst pipeline system is the secondary factor. In the second stage， the karst collapse is mainly controlled by the effect of seepage subsurface erosion and sudden change effect of water and gas pressure in karst pipeline system， and the increasing load and softening effect is the secondary factor. The collapse in this stage is characterized by a large number of relatively simultaneous occurrence . In the third stage， the karst collapse is mainly controlled by the effect of seepage subsurface erosion， increasing load and softening effect. The sudden change of water and gas pressure in karst pipeline system is the secondary factor.A comprehensive analysis shows that the karst collapse in the study area is rainfall karst collapse in the later stage of tunnel drainage. The precondition is that the regional groundwater level drops below the bedrock surface due to tunnel drainage. The main dynamic factors are the infiltration and seepage subsurface erosion caused by rainfall， the sudden change effect of water and gas pressure in karst pipeline system and the increasing load and softening effect. The formation and evolution process of karst collapse can be generalized as follows， rainfall → slope flow → surface ponding → increasing load and softening effect / seepage subsurface erosion / sudden change of water and gas pressure in karst pipeline system → soil collapse → soil cave expansion → karst collapse.
Numerical investigation on the main controlling factors of the dissolution evolution of three-dimensional fracture-cavity reservoirs
ZHU Xinyue, LI Sanbai, FENG Xiating, KANG Zhijinag, FAN Hongzhuo, HUANG Xiaote
2021, 40(6): 943-951. doi: 10.11932/karst20210604
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(2791KB) icon1567 icon79
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Carbonate reservoir is rich in oil and gas reserves； however， the complex fracture and cave structure of the carbonate reservoir， forming through a long-term geological structural movement， lead to some difficulties in oil and gas exploitation. For this engineering problem， we use an in-house numerical model-KarstEvolSys to study the effects of fracture density and the magnitude of rainfall on the dissolution of carbonate rocks. Numerical simulations have been performed by controlling the number of fractures embedded in the matrix and the velocity supply to the fracture system. Our results show that the more fractures embedded in the matrix， the less water flow captured by each fracture， which leads to a relatively slow increase of the fracture aperture when the fracture density increases. When the magnitude of rainfall remains constant， the dissolution rate of rock mass becomes slow accordingly. If the same karst system is supplied by different amounts of rainfall， the water would dilute Ca2+ concentration in the system，speeding up the water-rock reaction. Therefore， the increasing rainfall would lead to a higher dissolution rate of the rock mass.
Evolutional process of erosional tiankengs
ZHAI Xiumin, ZHANG Yuanhai, LI Fayuan, SHI Wenqiang, WEI Haoxing
2021, 40(6): 952-964. doi: 10.11932/karst20210605
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(3831KB) icon1784 icon127
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In this paper， the common features of the erosional tiankeng are discussed by comparing the stratigraphic structure， geomorphic evolution and hydrogeological characteristics of four tiankengs in the world， i.e.， Qingkou Tiankeng in Wulong karst of Chongqing and Boniu Tiankeng in Xiaonanhai Plateau of Hanzhong， China， Mangily Tiankeng in Ankarana Plateau， Madagascar， and Atea Tiankeng in Muller Plateau， Papua New Guinea. The current study indicates that the erosional tiankeng is commonly characterized by ternary （sandwich） or binary stratigraphic structure， covered-karst distribution， deep vadose zone and great topographic differences， as well as catchment of rainwater by the overlying layer. Based on these genesis conditions， when the surface water converges and flows into the soluble rock aquifer to form underground karst cave， its evolutionary stages can be divided into （1） sinkhole-shaft （underground river） stage， （2） erosion-shaft-chamber stage， （3） collapse-forming tiankeng stage， and（4）tiankeng degradation stage. The genesis analysis of erosional tiankeng provides a new insight into its evolutionary mechanism.
Mechanism of Miao Chamber in Ziyun county based on terrestrial laser scanning and structural analysis
ZHOU Wenlong, Jean Bottazzi, TAN Ming, FAN Yunlong, FU Liangtong, WANG Deyuan
2021, 40(6): 965-976. doi: 10.11932/karst20210606
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(4499KB) icon1483 icon77
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Located in Ziyun county of Guizhou Province， Miao Chamber belongs to the Gebihe（another name Getuhe）underground river cave system. It is the largest chamber in the world as known by volume and surface area， and its planar projected area is second only to Sarawak Chamber in Malaysia. In 2014， for the first time， British researchers conducted the terrestrial laser scanning and collected the entire point cloud of Miao Chamber by using Riegl VZ-400 3D laser scanner. Combining the point cloud with the analysis of the geological structure， researchers have obtained the following new understanding of the basic morphological characteristics and control factors of Miao Chamber， （1） The integrity structure of Miao Chamber consists of two chambers and a section of large gallery， and this arched gallery probably becomes the world's largest span cave gallery currently registered. Morphologically， two domes connect with one vault， which shapes like the Chinese character "concave". The upper layer plan view of Miao Chamber presents a double-dome structure with two nearly regular polygons and their pedestals in parallel connection. These two polygons are independent but connect with each other. （2） The polygons of upper Miao Chamber are caused by the dislocation of multiple geological structures. This dislocation produced a set of fracture and joint systems in different directions and grades， and formed a pattern with lattice structure in this region， and then the dense fissures converged in Miao Chamber， which makes the dissolution the most developed. （3） Miao Chamber developed in the core of Jiaoma syncline with thick-massive limestone belonging to lower Permian stratum. The opening fissure at the bottom of the syncline provides good structural conditions for the entry of groundwater， which is a key factor that cannot be ignored for the development of Miao Chamber， one of the world’s hugest. （4） The upper layer gallery in Miao Chamber， together with the layered caves in the region， reflects the dual effects of tectonic uplift and river incision in geological history. It is speculated that in the early period many other streams of water from the high place converged in Miao Chamber toerode a huge underground space. Miao Chamber experienced the transition from hyporheic zone to vadose zone， and finally formed the huge cave chamber that accommodates a large number of collapsing boulders  due to stress adjustments. （5） According to the relationship between geomorphic form and geological structure， the development of "double dome" implies that the special geological structure is conducive to the formation of the huge underground caves in pairs， but the exact structure remains to be ascertained.
Evaluation of karst cave landscape and geological tourism resources in "Walayaku" of Nujiang grand canyon
ZHANG Hua, PENG Yirong, ZHAO Li, WANG Yu, KANG Xiaobo, WANG Bo, CHAI Jinlong
2021, 40(6): 977-986. doi: 10.11932/karst20210607
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1758KB) icon1991 icon84
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"Walayaku" cave system is located in Nujiang canyon， and its dynamic condition of karst development is superior. In a narrow range of about 4 km2 develops a huge cavern with the vertical distribution of more than 5-6 hundred meters and with a total length of more than 27 km.With rich geologic features in the evolution of karst development， "Walayaku" cave systemis a vast labyrinth cave system in northwest Yunnan and the south part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. "Walayaku"， rich in colorful landscape sources，  is characterized by complex stratification， branching and deformation， dissolution， precipitation， erosion， transporting， and sedimentary morphology. Therefore， it is of great value to the studies on geological evolution， karstification and hydrogeology in the area of "Three Parallel Rivers" since the Himalayan movement. In this paper， we take the previous data of cave exploration， the current survey data of regional geology， environment geology and tourism geology ， and the  investigation of the present situation in "Walayaku" as basis. Meanwhile， under the guidance of the theories of geology， natural resources and aesthetics we systematically analyze  the formation conditions of " Walayaku" cave system， its structure system and landscape， and the formation and evolution history of the system. After evaluating the value of geological tourism resources， we put forward strategies and suggestions for the rational exploitation and effective protection of "Walayaku" cave system.
Evaluation of graded protection of scenic spots in tourist caves: A case study of Taigu cave, Youyang, Chongqing
DENG Yadong, YANG Hongyong, GUO Xiaohong, CHEN Leiyou, CHEN Yu, ZHANG Ningjing
2021, 40(6): 987-994. doi: 10.11932/karst20210608
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(862KB) icon1861 icon80
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The graded protection of scenic spots contributes to the sustainable development of tourist caves. Taking Taigu cave in Youyang， Chongqing as an example， we analyze the characteristics of Taigu cave and develop an evaluation index system for the graded protection of scenic spots in tourist caves from 3 aspects， namely， quality， vulnerability and management. The factor weight of each protection grade for the scenic spots is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. In addition， we have developed protection grading standards for scenic spots after consulting with experts， and evaluate the graded protection for the scenic spots of Taigu cave， with the Fishbein and Rosenberg model. The research finding shows that the scenic spots， such as Qin People's Footprints， Snowy Lake， Goose Tube and Qin People's Handcrafts， are the first grade protection spots； Geocentric Creek， Prowess-Revealing Military Cap， Splendid Mountain River， and Jellyfish in Dragon Palace are of the second grade； High Mountain and Running Water， Taigu Stony Forest and Stony Grapes are of the third grade； and Douhao in Qin Dynasty is of the fourth grade. In the end，classified protection measures for the scenic spots in Taigu cave are proposed based on the evaluation results and the characteristics of these scenic spots.
Factors affecting tourists′ intention of environmental responsibility behavior  in karst cave tourist destinations: Based on Logistic-ISM Model
CUI Hongrui, YANG Xiaoxia, TAO Peiran
2021, 40(6): 995-1005. doi: 10.11932/karst20210609
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1105KB) icon1534 icon54
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The inherent vulnerability of cave resources and tourists' destructive behavior seriously affect the sustainable development of cave tourist destination. To regulate tourists' behavior and protect the resources and environment of karst tourist destinations， it is of great significance for us to explore the underlying factors of influencing tourists' environmental responsibility behavior （TERB） intention . Taking Furong cave in Wulong district and Xueyu cave in Fengdu county of Chongqing as examples， we analyze the questionnaire data of 459 tourists by using SPSS and MATLAB software. We also use Logistic-ISM model to analyze the factors that affect TERB intention of cave tourists， and interpret the logical relationship and hierarchical structure among these factors. The results showthe quality of interpretation system， the quality of environmental sanitation and other 11 factors have a significant impact on the TERB intention in karst cave tourist destinations. Superficial factors include natural empathy， perceived behavioral efficacy and subjective norm； middle-level factors include the quality of natural landscape， the quality of environmental sanitation and environmental behavior constraints； underlying factors include the quality of interpretation system， the quality of infrastructure， tourists' gender， education background and past behavior frequency， and the quality of interpretation system is at the pivot of the whole influencing factors.
Influencing factors of the air environment in the Reed Flute Cave under the background of COVID-19 in Guilin
PAN Tianwang, SHI Wenqiang, LIANG Jianping, CHEN Weihai, TANG Jianwei, ZHANG Yuanhai, LIAO Rusong, WU Yanjun, LI Chengzhan, ZHANG Yajun, ZHAO Rongyan, QIN Jingmo
2021, 40(6): 1006-1013. doi: 10.11932/karst20210610
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1443KB) icon1694 icon70
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When natural caves develop into tourist caves， the energy and material input into caves by human activities will affect the environment. The objective of this study is to explore the characteristics of cave air environment and its influencing factors of the Reed Flute Cave， and the impact of tourism activities on the cave environment and cave self-purification capacity under the background of COVID-19. From September 1 to October 8，2020， the cave temperature， humidity， CO2 and the number of tourists were selected as key parameters to observe the changes of key elements of the cave environment and their relationships. The results show as follows， （1） The number of tourists during the observation period significantly reduced compared with that of that in the same period previous years. The impact of tourist activities on temperature and humidity of tourist caves was not obvious. The curve changes of temperature and humidity inside the cave， mainly affected by the change of air environment outside， tend to be consistent with those curve changes outside the cave； （2） CO2 concentration in the cave still changes regularly with the increase of tourists during peak hours. After tourism activities， CO2 concentration in the cave can quickly return to the background value of the cave environment， and no obvious CO2 accumulation is observed； （3） The Reed Flute Cave shows its self-purification capacity. During the observation period， the decrease of temperature outside the cave due to the rainfall and cooling weather makes the ventilation mode change， thus strengthening air exchange between the inside and outside of the cave. The airflow exchange improves the self-purification capacity of the cave environment.
Environmental DNA: An emerging tool in studying cave organisms
BAI Jie, XING Yingchun, GAO Wanru, ZHAO Yahui
2021, 40(6): 1014-1020. doi: 10.11932/karst2020y48
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(633KB) icon1343 icon73
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China has enormous caves with diverse cave organisms. Many cave creatures have small population size and limited distribution. Therefore， the traditional survey on cave fauna may harm some rare or endangered cave species. Its low efficiency could also restrict the studies of cave biodiversity and conservation. As an emerging survey method， environmental DNA （eDNA） can be used to extract the trace DNA of cave organisms from the environment and to qualitatively or quantitatively investigate the cave biodiversity with the technology such as PCR. After reviewing the principles of eDNA， its advantages and current research status， we put forward a basic process for the application of eDNA in cave biological surveys. We expect that the eDNA can play an important role in future studies of biospeleology in China. To achieve this aim， a thorough database of DNA barcodes and a classic taxonomy for Chinese cave organisms are urgently needed.
Overview of cave-dwelling ground beetles in the past three decades in China
HUANG Sunbin, TIAN Mingyi
2021, 40(6): 1021-1025. doi: 10.11932/karst20210611
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(594KB) icon1405 icon72
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The first record of cave Carabidae in China is Sinaphaenops mirabilissimus，reported by Dr. ShunIchi Uéno，a Japanese cave biologist，and Professor Fuxing Wang of Institute of Karst Geology， Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in 1991. After three decades of continuous efforts by domestic and foreign entomologists， 202 species of the cave ground beetles belonging to 71 genera in eight tribes have been recorded from China， of which the most diverse group is the tribe Trechini， with 172 species and 61 genera. These promising research results have made China the richest diversity of cave ground beetles in the world.
Species diversity and adaptation of cave crickets in China
ZHU Qidi, SHI Fuming
2021, 40(6): 1026-1031. doi: 10.11932/karst20210612
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1272KB) icon1360 icon67
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In this paper， the species diversity， distribution and adaptation of cave crickets in China are summarized. A total of 26 species belonging to 3 genera have been recorded from caves in China， as the genus Tachycines with the most abundant species （24 species）. Cave crickets have a narrow distribution， with 96%（25 species） of species limited in type locality or in the county where the type locality is located. Guizhou Province is the most abundant with 15 species. The appearances of troglophiles and trogloxenes are similar to those of terrestrial species， while troglobites have evolved typical characteristics to adapt to cave life， such aslight body color， degenerate or even disappearing eyes， long antennae and cerci， and developed receptors. In addition to the caves， the environment around the caves should also be further protected to conserve cave crickets.
Assessment of endangerment category on Chinese cavefish： A case study of two national protected fish species
ZHAO Yang, ZHANG Yuanyuan, ZHAO Yahui
2021, 40(6): 1032-1037. doi: 10.11932/karst20210613
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(598KB) icon1722 icon55
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The International Union for Conservation of Nature （IUCN） Red List of Threatened Species is a formal standard used globally to effectively assess the risk status of species extinction. However， an assessment on cavefish with this standard still faces great challenges at the practical level. This article reviews the current status of cavefish in China and the problems of the Red List evaluation system for cavefish assessment. On the basis of the distribution ranges， threatening factors， and life history of cavefish， we construct an assessment method for cavefish based on the Red List categories and criteria. According to the assessment system we have built and the data from our field investigation， we also reassess the status of two national protected fish species （Sinocyclocheilus microphthalmus and S. anophthalmus）. The results show that the evaluation grades of both species  are respectively "endangered （EN）" and "critically endangered （CR）". Compared with the evaluation results of IUCN Red List and of other studies， both endangered grades of these two species have  increased. A proper reserve or restriction of a single-distributed cave will play a key role for the conservation of cavefish.
High fossil aggregation and its significance of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in late Pleistocene in Shuanghe Cave, Guizhou Province
WANG Deyuan, GAO Zhandong, LI Youwei, JEAN BOTTAZZI, DU Hua, FU Liangtong, ZHAO Zulun, NING Youfeng, CHENG Hai, ZHOU Wenlong
2021, 40(6): 1038-1045. doi: 10.11932/karst20210614
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1349KB) icon1451 icon62
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Nearly 30 individual giant panda fossils have been found in Shuanghe Cave in Guizhou， the longest cave in Asia. The number is the largest as for the complete giant panda fossils that have been discovered in the world. At least 10 individual fossils accumulating below the shaft in one branch cave are taken as the research subjects. Based on the development and morphological characteristics of karst caves and fossil burial characteristics， the process in which these pandas fell from the shaft and died has been preliminarily analyzed and reconstructed . The research findings show that karst caves can provide a good habitat and fossil preservation environment for giant pandas. Meanwhile， the uranium dating of a sample of calcium carbonate depositing on the surface of a fossil indicates that the individual lived at least 51，000 years ago. AMS14C dating has been performed on the fossil teeth of another individual who was found to live about 25，000 years ago. Therefore， it is inferred that the pandas in this cave mainly lived in the late Pleistocene.
A new species of stygobionotic diving beetles from China (Coleoptera， Dytiscidae， Hydroporinae， Bidessini)
ZHAO Shuang, JIA Fenglong
2021, 40(6): 1046-1051. doi: 10.11932/karst20210615
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(851KB) icon1320 icon56
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Sinoporus tianmingyii gen. et sp. nov. is described based on a female specimen from a dry cave（Yanlyu cave） in Wenya village， Huanjiang county， Guangxi， China. The new taxon is characterized of subterranean diving beetles in having adults depigmented， relatively soft， and lacking hind wings and compound eyes. In addition， the taxon is diagnosed among all adult Dytiscidae with following characters combined， （1） Body with lateral margins subparallel； （2） Elytral epipleura with distinct oblique subbasal carina； （3） Elytra with sutural stria； （4） Pro- and mesofemora with long hair-like setae externally； （5） All tibiae and tarsi lacking natatory setae.
A new cave species of the millipede genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae) from Sichuan, southwestern China
ZHAO Rujia, ZHAO Yi, LIU Weixin
2021, 40(6): 1052-1057. doi: 10.11932/karst20210616
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1780KB) icon1308 icon53
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The genus Nepalella currently consists of 27 recorded species in the world， of which 12 species including eight cave-dwellings are known in China， mainly distributed in Yunnan， Sichuan， Guizhou provinces and Chongqing municipality. This paper discribed a new species of the genus collected from a cave in Pengzhou City， Sichuan Province， southwestern China， which is the fourth species of Nepalella recorded in Sichuan. N. helii sp. nov. is very similar to N. grandoides from Beichuan county， Sichuan， but distinguished from the latter in following aspects：（1） The smaller body， ca 27.5-36.0 mm in length； （2） Male femora 3-5 with a mushroom-like protuberance near the base； （3） Anterior gonopod sternum with a high， median，spiniform process； （4） Posterior gonopod colpocoxite attached a small， lateral， spiniform branch. In addition， in this paper，the DNA from a specimen of the new species were extracted using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit， and the barcode of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I subunit gene （COI） were amplified. The new nucleotide sequence was uploaded to the GenBank database with accession number OL420758.
Description of a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion, Anatemnus hemuensis sp. nov. (Pseudoscorpiones, Atemnidae) from Gaoligong Mountain, China
LI Yunchun, WANG Menglin
2021, 40(6): 1058-1062. doi: 10.11932/karst20210617
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(894KB) icon1315 icon49
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Currently，the research of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion in Gaoligong Mountain lags behind. This paper aims to clarify its species diversity by collecting the specimens of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion in this area. The collected specimens were identified by traditional classical characteristics. After systematic investigation and sorting out seven cave specimens belonging to Gaoligong Mountain， two kinds of pseudoscorpion were found. After reviewing relevant references， a new species Anatemnus hemuensis sp. nov. was found. Then the description and drawing of this new species were made in this paper.
A new species of Pupinidae from Guangxi karst cave (Gastropoda， Caenogastropoda， Architaenioglossa)
CHEN Zheyu
2021, 40(6): 1063-1068. doi: 10.11932/karst20210618
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(961KB) icon1253 icon40
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The genus Pupinella Gray， 1850 is briefly revised. Pupina menglunensis Chen & Zhang， 1998 is transferred into Pupinella with a new synonym， Pupinella frednaggsi Thach & Huber， 2017. The fifth Chinese species of this genus， Pupinella tiani sp. nov.， is described and illustrated from Guangxi based on the diagnostic shell shape and the apertural structure. Besides， a key to the Chinese species of Pupinella is provided.
Comparative study on the causes of travertine degradation between Pamukkale in Turkey and Huanglong, Baishuitai in China
DONG Faqin, DAI Qunwei, ZHAO Yulian, CHEN Mulan, RAO Hanyun, LV Zhenzhen, ZONG Meirong, LI Bowen, Emin Ciftci, Furkan Sener Mehmet
2021, 40(6): 1069-1076. doi: 10.11932/karst20210619
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(2883KB) icon1532 icon93
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The factors of slow degradation of travertine in Pamukkale Turkey were discussed by comparing the basic environmental geological characteristics， hydrochemistry of travertine landscape， and biological factors of travertine sedimentation in Huanglong， Sichuan， Baishuitai， Yunnan， China， and Pamukkale， Denizli， Turkey. The results showed the species of algae in Pamukkale was single with about 38 species， and the vegetation coverage rate was low. Besides， travertine deposition was mainly controlled by abiotic factors， and the deposition rate was relatively high. Travertine had a good layered structure， low primary porosity and compact structure， so it was not easy to collapse and damage. However， the species of algae in Huanglong and Baishuitai were diverse with about 86 and 196 species， respectively. And both vegetation coverage rates were above 80%. Travertine deposition was mainly controlled by biological factors with the low-rate deposition， the porous structure， the loose or porous coral-like and the high primary porosity， resulting in easy degradation Besides， the contents of ions in the spring water of Pamukkale travertine were higher than that of Huanglong and Baishuitai travertine， especially Ca2+ and HCO3-， which could effectively promote the deposition of CaCO3.
Overview on karst geological of Thailand
WEI Yanlan, LI Wenli, YANG Xiangpeng, ZHOU Lixin
2021, 40(6): 1077-1091. doi: 10.11932/karst20210620
Abstract FullText HTML PDF(1814KB) icon1403 icon79
Abstract:
The karst in Thailand， a typical representation of tropical karst landform， is widespread and covers 20% of the total area of this country. In this study， we systematically collect karst geological information and carefully study the geological， hydrological and climatic background of karstification in order to summarize the characteristics of karst landscape， the status quo of karst resources and the environmental geological problems in three major karst areas in Thailand. The research findings provide basic support for the establishment of “Global Platform of Karst Information”.
2021, 40(6): 1092-1094.
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Abstract:

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