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| Citation: | CHEN Zheyu. A new species of Pupinidae from Guangxi karst cave (Gastropoda， Caenogastropoda， Architaenioglossa)[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2021, 40(6): 1063-1068. doi: 10.11932/karst20210618
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Pupinella Gray， 1850 is a genus of Pupinidae L. Pfeiffer， 1853， with the type species Cyclostoma pupiniformis Sowerby， 1841 ［1-3］. As it wildly distributed in East and Southeast Asia， the genus was defined as "Shell elongated-oval， striated. Aperture circular， apertural margin reflected， on left side below interrupted by canal； continuous above without or with canal or tube. Operculum closely coiled" ［3］. Only three species of this genus were reported from China so far， namely Pupinella swinhoei ［4］， Pupinella masuhowaruensis Ueng & Chiou， 2004 and Pupinella sulcatus Zhang， Chen & Zhou， 2008 ［4-8］. Pupina menglunensis Chen & Zhang， 1998 was transferred to this genus based on conchological morphology in present work.
Chinese subterranean malacofauna is poorly known from previous studies， a new pupinid species， Pupin-ella tiani sp. nov.， is recently recognized from a collection obtained from Guangxi by the cave expedition team of South China Agricultural University. Before the present work of Chinese pupinids， only Pseudopomatias Möllendorff， 1885， Csomapupa Páll-Gergely， 2015， Nodopomatias Gude 1921 and Coptocheilus Gould， 1862 （= Schistoloma Kobelt， 1902） in this family were carefully revised ［9-10］ and only Pollicaria gravida （Benson， 1856） was known as an occasionally cave-living pupinid in China ［11-12］.
The empty shell specimens were separated from the soil deposited at the entrance of a karst cave. Small brushes with warm water and alcohol were used to clean the dirt on the surface of the shells. Photographs of the shells were taken using a Canon® 5D Mark IV camera attached with a Laowa® 25 mm f/2.8 2.5-5X Ultra Macro lens. The final high DoF （Depth of Field） images were stacked from 30 to 80 single photos using Zerene Stacker® 1.04. The shells were measured with digital vernier calipers to the nearest 0.01 mm. Whorls were counted as described by Kerney & Cameron ［13］. Specimens studied in this work were deposited in the mollusc collection of the Museum of Hebei University， Baoding， China （HBUMM）.
Pupinella Gray in Baird & Gray， 1850： 33.
Pupinella- Kobelt， 1902： 291； Thiele， 1929： 105； Wenz， 1938： 474； Egorov， 2013： 9.
Type species Cyclostoma pupiniformis Sowerby， 1841， by monotypy.
Pupinella tiani Z.-Y.Chen,sp.nov.（田氏小蛹螺）（Fig.1，Fig.2）
Type material Holotype. HBUMM 10053， No.I Cave， Qinqi village， Longwan township， Du'an Yao Autonomous county， Hechi City， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， China， 23°52’19”N， 108°16’02”E 466m a.s.l.， leg. M.-Y. Tian， W.-X. Liu， H.-M. Yin， X.-Z. Luo， 24 December 2013. Paratypes. HBUMM 10054 （two dry shells， one was broken during the study）， the same data as holotype.
Measurements Holotype，H-11.30 mm， W-4.62 mm，DA-3.80 mm； Paratypes， H-11.24-11.38 mm， W-4.50-4.56 mm， DA-3.64-3.82 mm （n=2）.
Diagnosis A small Pupinella species with white and high conical shell， peristome interrupted by two semi-circular open grooves.
Description Shell small， high conical， with 6.5 pale and slightly glossy whorls. Protoconch consists of about 2.5 whorls， rough， the boundary to the protoconch hard to be distinguished. Teleoconch with fine regular ribs， ribbing becoming clear with the increasing of the whorls， 15 ribs per 1 mm on the body whorls； the ventral body whorl slightly flattened； aperture circular， straight； peristome expanded， interrupted by a posterior orifice and a columellar orifice； both posterior and columellar orifice no tube like， forming a semi-circular open groove. Columellar orifice corresponds to a basal keel， which disappear at callus， no corresponding groove present.Umbilicus narrow.Operculum unknown.
Differential diagnosis The new species is quite distinguishable from other Chinese species by the open orifices and absent inner groove. Pupinella swinhoei is most similar to the new species in size and shape. However， the new species has finer apical with no double peristomal structure present in P. swinhoei.
Etymology The new species is dedicated to Prof. Tian Mingyi， who was the leader of the expedition team collected this new species.
Distribution China， Guangxi （Hechi）.
Remarks The type specimens were collected in the soil by the cave expedition team， the animal color remains unknown when it was living. Observation of the shell under the stereomicroscope shows that the shell has a certain luster， which suggests that the surface layer of the shell is not flaked， and its color is natural albinism. The new species maybe the true cave dwellers firstly been known in this family. Some specimens of Acmella W.T Blanford， 1969 were separated from the same soil sample， representing they were sympatric with the new species.
Pupinella masuhowaruensis Ueng & Chiou, 2004 （梅山小蛹螺）
Pupinella （Pupinopsis） masuhowaruensis Ueng & Chiou， 2004： 71， pls 2 & 3D-G.
Type locality "Masuhowaru village （1，500 meters in altitude）， Taoyuan township， Kaohsiun country， Southern Taiwan"
Materials examined HBUMM/1， Taiwan， Chiai county， Tsenwen Park （23°14.774’N， 120°32.226’E）， Taken in leaf litter， rainforest， leg. C. & J. Hemmen， April 2003.
Distribution China， Taiwan.
Pupinella menglunensis (D.-N. Chen & G.-Q.Zhang, 1998) comb. nov.（勐仑小蛹螺）
Pupina menglunensis Chen & Zhang， 1998： 348， figs 6-7 （figure legend erroneously named Dioryx menglunensis）.
Pupina menglunensis-Chen et al. 2016： 51， figs 2-14.
Pupinella frednaggsi Thach & Huber in Thach， 2017： 19， figs 125-130. New synonym.
Pupinella frednaggsi-Inkhavilay et al. 2019： 46， figs 16B-C， 18H.
Type locality "Menglun，Mengla county（21°09′， 101°02′）， Yunnan Province."
Materials examined HBUMM/2， Yunnan， Xishuangbanna，Menglun Botanical Garden， Lüshilin （21.911N， 101.283E）， leg. Xiao-Ran Zhu， 6 August 2018.
Remarks Newly introduced species Pupinella frednaggsi Thach & F. Huber， 2017 is considered as a junior synonym of Pupinella menglunensis， because it does not differ from the latter in any traits.
Distribution China， Yunnan； LAOS.
Pupinella sulcatus W.-H. Zhang, D.-N. Chen & W.-C. Zhou, 2008 （具槽小蛹螺）
Pupinella （Pupinopsis） sulcatus Zhang et al.， 2008： 742， figs 1–5.
Type locality "Hurun Town， Jingxi county （23°01′N， 106°04′E）， Guangxi Zhuang Automous Region， China".
Distribution China， Guangxi （Jingxi）.
Pupinella swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866) （台湾小蛹螺）
Pupinella （Pupinopsis） swinhoei H.Adams， 1866： 318， pl. 32， figs 12-12a.
Pupinopsis morrisonia H.Adams，1872：13，pl.3， fig.21.
Pupina adamsi Sowerby II，1878：33，pl.4，fig.33.
Pupinella swinhoei var. meridionalis Schmacker & Böttger，1881：187.Pupinella swinhoei-Pilsbry & Hivase，1905：726.
Pupinella （Pupinopsis） swinhoei- Kuroda，1941：81.
Pupinella （Pupinopsis） swinhoei-Ueng & Chiou， 2004： 70， pls 1 & 3A-C， E-F and H-I.
Pupinella swinhoei-Hwang， 2014： 8-9， pl. 1， figs G-H.
Pupinella swinhoei-Hsieh et al.， 2013： 92， figs in text （synonymised P.masuhowaruensis as this species）.
Type locality "Tamsui， Formosa" （台湾省新北市淡水区）
Materials examined HBUMM/2，Taiwan，Hualien county， Lintianshan Forest Farm， leg. Sheng-Hsün Tsai， 11 August 2018.
Distribution China， Taiwan.（Fig.3）
1 Umbilicus open； basal keel present……………2
2 No groove present inside the shell………………… ………………… Pupinella tiani sp.nov.（Guangxi）
2 A groove present inside the shell corresponding to the basal keel………………………………………………3
3 Peristomal posterior orifice opened laterally，triangle or chink-like…………………………………………… …… Pupinella swinhoei （H.Adams，1866）（Taiwan）
3 Peristomal posterior orifice opened ventrally，round or nearly round……………………………………………4
4 Shell height smaller than 12 mm…………………… Pupinella masuhowaruensis Ueng&Chiou，2004（Taiwan）
4 Shell height larger than 17 mm…………………… Pupinella sulcatus Zhang，Chen&Zhou，2008 （Guangxi）
I would like to thank Prof. Tian Mingyi （South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou） and Mr. Zhu Xiaoran （Hubei Broad Nature Technology Service Co.， Ltd.， Wuhan） for providing precious materials and am indebted to the Biodiversity Heritage Library for the multitude of rare literature made available （www.biodiversitylibrary.org）. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC 31872196）. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Prof. Tian Mingyi （South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou） and Mr. Zhu Xiaoran （Hubei Broad Nature Technology Service Co.， Ltd.， Wuhan） for providing precious materials and am indebted to the Biodiversity Heritage Library for the multitude of rare literature made available （www.biodiversitylibrary.org）. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC 31872196）.|
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CHEN Zheyu. A new species of Pupinidae from Guangxi karst cave (Gastropoda， Caenogastropoda， Architaenioglossa)[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2021, 40(6): 1063-1068. doi: 10.11932/karst20210618
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