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2010 Vol. 29, No. 3

Display Method:
The situation and tasks for northern karst research of our country
YUAN Dao-xian
2010, 29(3): 219-228. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.001
Abstract:
With the development of national economy and the change of global climate, many vital environmental geology problems in northern karst area of China have arisen, which have not only attracted attention from the state, but also caused concern from international academia. The state and governments at all levels are increasing investment in karst research, thus, northern karst research is facing both excellent situation and great responsibility. According to the requirement of social economy development and discipline construction, this paper describe the issues in the northern karst research, and propose that protection work for northern karst water resources should be strengthened, more attention should be devoted to basic theory research of karst morphology, especially the research in the development law of karst collapse column and ancient karst as well as deep karst, summary and exchange to the research achievements should be improved; In response to global climate change and extreme climate, we should, on one hand, carry out the carbon sequestration investigation and carbon geological storage experiment in karst region step by step, and study the relations between global climate change, especially extreme climate, and karst aquifer on the other hand; In addition, we should pay more attention in karst knowledge popularization and personnel training, training of karst strategy scientist in particular.
Phase composition and formation of stalagmite minerals: Indications of climate and environment
ZHANG Hai-wei, CAI Yan-jun, TAN Liang-cheng
2010, 29(3): 222-228. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.002
Abstract:
Stalagmite may be composed of calcite, aragonite and aragonite-calcite intergrowth. The factors affecting the mineral formation and transformation of the stalagmite are summed up and the feasibility to apply mineral features of stalagmite in paleo-climate and paleo-environment study is discussed in the paper. The saturation of solution and Mg/Ca ratio in drip water are two principal factors that control the mineral components of stalagmite. When the Mg/Ca ratio in drip water is low (Mg/Ca<1 or <<1), lower saturation is propitious for calcite to deposit and higher saturation for aragonite. In contrast, when the Mg/Ca ratio in drip water is high (Mg/Ca≥1), higher saturation favors calcite deposition. High Mg content in bedrock and abundant stable drip water in cave may account for a large number of aragonite stalagmites grow in the caves in southern China. Continuous leaching by drip water may cause aragonite transforming into calcite, but the transition will be restrained by high Mg concentration in drip water. In a cave with lower Mg content in bedrock, the increase of retention time of seepage water and the slowing of drip water rates may increase the Mg/Ca ratios in solution and ultimately cause aragonite deposition during dry period. Consequently, stalagmite mineral features can indicate climate and environment changes.
Study on the carbon-sink effect by treatment to karst rock desertification—An analysis in light of field monitoring data
CHEN Wei-jie, XIONG Kang-ning, REN Xiao-dong, ZHOU Wen-long
2010, 29(3): 229-238. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.003
Abstract:
In order to explore the effect of carbon-sink by treatment to karst rock desertification, three small catchments in Guizhou Province, including Shiqiao, Wangjiazhai-Yangchangdong and Dingtan, are taken as the study objects. In light of field monitoring data, the total carbon storage in each catchment is calculated; the distribution of carbon storage in different carbon pools and under different desertification grades is compared. It is found that the total carbon storage in 3 study catchments is only 32 434.9tC; the carbon storage distribution in each carbon pool is: soil>> vegetation (herbage>>bush) and under different desertification grade is: slight rock desertification > moderate rock desertification > intensity rock desertification; the carbon density distribution in the study catchments is: Shiqiao small catchment > Wangjiazhai-Yangchangdong small catchment >Dingtan small catchment. Besides, a series of prospect to enhance the carbon sink research is proposed by the author, such as increase carbon sink monitoring indicators in future rock desertification control plan, extend the research borderline of carbon sink, improve the basic research in the carbon sink effect of karstification.
Analysis on morphologic features of the peak-cluster depression in Qiubei, Southeast Yunnan
WANG Di, XU Mo, QI Ji-hong, ZHANG Qiang
2010, 29(3): 239-245. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.004
Abstract:
Qiubei peak-cluster depression in southeast Yungui Plateau, about 40km2 in area , is chosen as the sample region for karst landform fractal geometry analysis. Statistical method is used to analyze the characteristic parameters of 48 karst depressions and peaks; fractal theory is chosen to calculate fractal dimensions at different elevation contours and surface water network. The results indicate that: (1) the average area of the depressions is 0.8 km2, the mean boundary-namber is 5.6 and the average perimeter is 3.4km; (2) depressions grow in breadth and in depth near-synchronously, and the development of corrosion surface is restricted by the elevation of initial surface; (3) fractal characteristics of peak-cluster depression are well response to the karst evolution, and the average fractal dimension of contour in limestone region and non- limestone region is 1.30 and 1.16 respectively, and the dimension of surface water network is 1.07, which reflect topographic change are complicate, underground hydrographic net are quite developed and the relative degree of karst development is high in this karst region; (4) the karst in Qiubei is in the young or mature stage, and will continue to develop slowly.
Research on the property of soil geochemistry in typical karst area in Guizhou Province
CHEN Wu, REN Ming-qiang, LU Zheng-yan, WANG Ning-ning
2010, 29(3): 246-252. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.005
Abstract:
The main research object of this paper is the soil samples from three sampling sites - Dangwu in Huaxi, Xiazi in Zunyi and Muza in Anlong, in Guizhou Province. The relevant element content and the features in migration process from the rock to soil as well as the laterite-forming capacity coefficient are studied from the point of geochemistry, which shows the synthetic agro-geologic properties in the study area. Furthermore, preliminary evaluation is made on the environmental quality of the mineral nutrient elements in the paper. The results prove that leaching of mineral nutrient elements in limestone is comparatively strong with about 10 kinds of elements lower than the mid-value in China or the world, and the mineral nutrient element content is lower in the soil developed from pure limestone in particular. But the mineral nutrient element content in Anlong is higher than the other two sites for two reasons, first,the parent rock being dolomitic limestone and second, the position of Anlong being easy to collect the elements leached out from the nearby areas. The rate of reaching standard of nutrient elements is 73.7% (Muza in Anlong),63.1%( Xiazi in Zunyi) and 68.4% (Dangwu in Huaxi). Generally speaking, for the slow pedogenesis of carbonatite, the soil layer developed from carbonatite is thin with low nutrient content, so the soil needs being fertilized by some mineral fertilizers.
Pondering upon the relationship between karst dynamics theory and carbonic anhydrase and polypeptide
LI Qiang
2010, 29(3): 253-257. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.006
Abstract:
The karst dynamic system, closely associated with the earth’s four spheres, is an open system with its boundary being constrained by the existed karst morphs under and on the ground. This system interacts with hydrosphere and atmosphere as well as lithosphere under the dominance of the biosphere to cause cycle of matter and flow of energy and interactions among water and rock as well as air, which playing an active role to the global carbon cycle. Karst dynamics is developed with the following discovery: the living-matter acting mechanics in the interaction among water and rock as well as air, especially the reaction of water with CO2 under the fast catalysis by carbonic anhydrase, and the improvement to the capacity of Mg content in calcite by polypeptide large biological molecule. Therefore, after the International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO settled in Guilin, it is a new task in karst dynamics theory as how to bring the modern life science theory into karst dynamics, to enrich karst dynamic system model and to combine the theory with production practice.
Research progress on the recent 2 000 years’ climate change revealed by stalagmite record in China
YIN Jian-jun, QIN Jia-ming, LIN Yu-shi, YANG Yan, TANG Wei
2010, 29(3): 258-266. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.007
Abstract:
The UN climate conference held in Copenhagen has directed more attention to the study on the recent 2 000 years’ climate change. The main achievements on study of climate change revealed by stalagmite record, eapecialy the climate change in the recent 2 000 years in China, is summarized in the paper as follows, a series of climate events in the recent 2 000 years are recorded by the stalagmite in China monsoon area; high resolution reconstruction is made; the temperature in hot month is reconstructed with annual resolution; and “circulation effect” is discovered by integrate research, etc. But there are also many problems need to be resolved, such as oxygen isotope mechanism, chronology, regional and typical stalagmite research as well. So it is proposed that the oxygen isotope mechanism research with resolution in annual scale, especially the whole migration and changes process of oxygen isotope from precipitation to stalagmite, should be enhanced; and the integrated study of stalagmite record’s respond mechanism to climate change by comparing with other proxy record should be done, and research on the recent 2 000 years’ chronology and on the regional and typical stalagmite should be enhanced.
Discussion on karst rocky desert evolution trend based on ecologically comprehensive
XIONG Kang-ning, CHEN Qi-wei
2010, 29(3): 267-273. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.008
Abstract:
The status quo and variation of karst rocky desertification in south China is analyzed. Taking Guizhou, the most serious karst rocky desertification in south China, as a case, this paper discuss the evolution trend and changing features of karst rocky desert under ecological comprehensive treatment.Data show that the area of karst desert has risen to 37 597km2 (accounting for 21.34% of the total area of Guizhou) in 2005 from 35 920km2(accounting for 20.39% of the total area of Guizhou) in 2000, increasing 334.7km2 annually in average within the 5 years. But comparing with that from 1975 to 1999, the average increasing speed of karst rocky desertification obviously slowed down, which proves that the ecologically comprehensive treatment restrained the desertification tendency to some extend. Monitor data in the Huanjiang and the Qingzhen as well the Bijie demonstration plots show that the area of karst rock desert decreases under ecologically comprehensive treatment, which proves desertification is not the so call environmental cancer but able to be controlled or cured. However, the monitor data also indicates that the area of karst desert will be still account for about 14.9% of the total area in Guizhou by the year 2030 even if the desert treatment brought into operation perfectly according with “the Integrated Rehabilitation Planning of Karst Rocky Desertification in Guizhou Province ”. Therefore, the desertification will last long and desert treatment will be a long term hard work that can not be completed within one or two Five-Year Plan. To keep down the tendency of desertification and environmental worsening radically, it is still necessary for the state and the government to increase large amount financial input for karst rocky desert improvement in the Twelfth Five Year Plan and the future.
Characteristics of water loss and soil erosion and some scientific problems on karst rocky desertification in Southwest China karst area
ZHANG Xin-bao, WANG Shi-jie, CAO Jian-hua, WANG Ke-lin, MENG Tian-you, BAI Xiao-yong
2010, 29(3): 274-279. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.009
Abstract:
Because of specific rock and soil composition and texture in the karst superficial zone, water loss and soil erosion on slopes in karst area is of the following characteristics: (1) superimposition of soil loss on the ground surface and under the ground; (2) limited ground surface runoff and sediment yields; and (3) higher sediment contribution from underground soil loss. This paper distinguishes scientific concept of karst land desertification and karst land rockification, points out that the rockification being the core of karst land desertification, and proposes a superimposed classification system for karst land desertification. The soil loss tolerances are mainly controlled by the proportion of clastic rocks and range between 5t/(km2.a) and 500(t/km2.a), which are derived from silicate mineral budgets in soils. The soils are fertile, but the land is poor because of limited soil body amount on rocky slopes; and the low plant productivities are probably caused by the shortage of mineral nutrient supply. According to the mechanism of karst land rockification being driven by the stress of cultivation, following countermeasures against karst land desertification are suggested: (1) not only improving vegetation to cure the symptoms , but also preventing or mitigating land rockification to cure the basic cause and increasing farmers’ incomes; (2)countermeasures against karst land desertification should be suit to the vertical zoning conditions of rock and soil compositions in karst mountains; (3) paying more attention to application of mineral fertilizers; and (4) using the surfaces of field roads and paths as water harvesting catchments to collect runoff for micro water storage tanks on cultivated rocky or stony land.
Reconstruction of terrestrial productivity of Yichang region in the past 9000 years from stalagmite P/Ca ratio
CHEN Fei-fei, HU Chao-yong, SHI Yu, RUAN Jiao-yang
2010, 29(3): 280-284. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.010
Abstract:
Terrestrial productivity plays an important role in the field of global change research, especially in global carbon recycling research. In this paper, geochemical composition of P and Ca in stalagmite HS4 from Heshang Cave, Qingjiang, Hubei Province is analyzed to investigate the response of stalagmite P/Ca ratio to the terrestrial productivity. The results prove that the P/Ca recorded in the spleothem in recent 50 years is significantly correlated with the local terrestrial productivity calculated by Thornthwaite Memorial Productivity Model, which implying stalagmite P/Ca may be the index for local terrestrial paleo-productivity. Based on P/Ca in the stalagmite HS4, regional paleo-productivity in Yichang are reconstructed. It is found that terrestrial productivity fluctuated during the past 9 000 years, which was low in 8.9ka~6.5ka BP, increased significantly during 6.5ka~5.0ka BP, and reached the top in 6.4ka~5.6kaBP, then fell to a low lever in 5.0ka~4.0ka BP; and increased gradually in 4.0ka~1.5ka BP, and after 1.5kaBP, lowered again. The fluctuation of terrestrial productivity is obviously constrained by global and regional climate.
Preliminary design and application of karst rocky desertification comprehensive treatment on small watershed based on the 3S-CAD technique— A case in the Xiaoshan Small Watershed, Tiandeng County
YAN Yan, HU Bao-qing, SU Guang-shi, WANG Lei
2010, 29(3): 285-292. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.011
Abstract:
In order to improve rocky desertification treatment in karst areas, a preliminary design for Tiandeng County in Guangxi is made by means of the 3S-CAD technique. The design, a case in the Xiaoshan Small Watershed, comprises the RS in interpreting the basic geographic information, the GIS in digitizing, managing, analyzing and outputting the data, and GPS in locating the sample plot during field survey and the CAD in carrying on engineering drawing. According to the design and field survey, it is determined that the comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification mainly includes forest conservation (805hm2 of hillside), reforestation ( 46hm2 of land), diversion canal for water conservancy ( 7 462m long) and forage grass planting ( 330m2 of land). General arrangement of the project adopts the combination of sub-projects in small patches of land, line-formed land and overall layout on the whole area, which enables the reforestation and water conservancy as well as animal husbandry projects support with each other. Compared with the traditional methods, the 3S-CAD technique is characterized by speedy design and scientific and reasonable layout for project.
Daily variation of photosynthetic ecophysiological characteristics of lithophytic shrub dominant species in peak cluster depressions of Nongla, Guangxi
PANG Dong-hui, SHEN Li-na, JIANG Zhong-cheng, QIN Xing-ming, LIANG Ming-zhong, WU Kong-yun, DENG Yan, YIN Hui
2010, 29(3): 293-300. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.012
Abstract:
Physiologic characters of Lonicera japonica, Vitex negundo , Alchornea trewioides and Callicarpa nudiflora and some other lithophytic shrub dominant species in NongLa peak cluster depression are measured by LI-6400 and their daily variations of physiologic and ecologic index, such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and photosynthetic active radiation, are compared with each other. It indicates that the daily variations of environment factors for lithophytic shrub community in peak cluster depressions are quite complicated, and that different shrub communities have different regulate and control effect to microclimate. The Vitex negundo and Alchornea trewioides communities can better adjust CO2 density in the air. The Vitex negundo community is of the highest average Pn level and averagetramspiration level, but the Alchornea trewioides community is of the highest average water use efficiency level and average apparent quantum efficiency level. The Lonicera japonica and Callicarpa nudiflora communities show obvious “midday depression” in photosynthesis. Plant physiological factors are restricted by environment factors. Environmental factors and plant physiological factors influence photosynthesis together but different factors influence differently in these lithophytic shrub dominant species. At the same time, stepwise regression method is used to establish linear regression equations for net photosynthetic rate and various factors. All of the linear regression equations are statistically significant and predict well.
Features of spore-pollen assemblage in topsoil under different vegetation types in karst desert— A case in Nanping Town, Nanchuan District, Chongqing
HAO Xiu-dong, XIE Shi-you, OUYANG Xu-hong, LUO Lun-de, SHI Sheng-qiang, LI Lin-li, SUN Ai-zhi, ZHAO Zeng-you
2010, 29(3): 301-311. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.013
Abstract:
Through survey and sampling to the topsoil under secondary forests, weeds and slope farmlands in Nanping, spore-pollen is identified by means of LuoPacias method to study the features of the spore-pollen assemblage. The result shows that: (1) the spore-pollen is composed of 123 species, among which, herbs and ferns dominate in quantity with the spore-pollen content of 46.40%~76.47% and averaged 65.55%; the arbors (mainly Pinus massoniana Lamb.) takes the 2nd place with the content about 17.73%~46.84% and averaged 26.40%; and the shrub spore-pollen the least, about 5.79%~12.50% in content and averaged 8.26%, that indicating a serious degradation of local vegetation; (2) there is obvious differentiation in different vegetation types. The spore-pollen assemblages of the secondary masson pine forest and the secondary camphor forest are listed as Pinus massoniana Lamb.—Pyracantha fortuneana Li.—Elatostema umbellatum Bl.—Hicriopteris glauca Thunb. and Cinnamomum camphora L.—Pyracantha fortuneana Li.—Cudrania cochinchinensis L.— Sium suave Walt. respectively; the spore-pollen assemblage of weeds is Urtica fissa Pritz.—Chenopodium acuminatum — Plantago asiatica L.—Hicriopteris glauca Thunb.; the pollen assemblage of the slope farmland is Zanthoxylum dimorphoppyllum Hemsl.—Urtica fissa Pritz.—Pteris ensiformis Burm.—Zea mays L., which corresponding to the actual vegetation and reflecting the present conditions of the modern vegetation cover in the karst desert.
Survey of amphibian and reptiles in Central Guangxi karst area
JIANG Ai-wu, SU Tong-ping, YU Jia-jie
2010, 29(3): 313-318. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.014
Abstract:
The amphibian and reptiles in karst area was rarely surveyed in China. The authors conducted an investigation on amphibian and reptiles in Central Guangxi karst area from July 2000 to July 2009. Totally, 67 species, including 13 species of amphibian (3 orders 6 families) and 54 species of reptiles (3 orders 11 families), were collected in the survey. The fauna shows the transitional zonality between South and Central China. The common species in this area is Bufo melanostictus, Euphlyctis limnocharis, Polypedates megacephalus, Polypedates megacephalus, Eumeces chinensis, Amphiesma stolata, Rhabdophis subminiatus, Xenochrophis piscator and Naja naja. The distribution of amphibian and reptiles are affected by karst conditions. Most Amphibian can not adapt the karst environment excluding Echinotriton asperrimus, while the Gekkonidae and Elaphe moellendorffi can live in the rocky karst.
Analysis on the influence factors to fluorine transfer in red mud
YUAN Xiao-mei, WANG Bing-ying, YUAN Xue-zheng, LI Guang
2010, 29(3): 319-324. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.015
Abstract:
In order to study the influence factors to fluorine transference in red mud,the paper designs seven groups of dynamic leaching experiments on the basis of hydrogeologic conditions around the piled field of the red mud, and carries on grey relationship analysis on the tentative data. The results prove that the temperature is 78℃ from the surface under 700 mm position of the red mud that discharged after seven days and the temperature is 87.5℃ of the ash water that is discharging just now; high temperature is of advantage to fluorine transfer; the pH value of the red mud is 10.29 to 11.83 and the pH value of the leaching solution is 12.00 to 13.20; high alkalinity is propitious to fluorine transfer; the other components of the red mud is as follows: total hardness, Cl-, SO42-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ are all influence factor to fluorine transfer, and Na+, SO42- and Ca2+ are the primary control factors.
Case of fracture karst aquifer recharge with urban roofwater at home and abroad—Reflection on the relevant issues in Jinan City
WANG Wei-ping, XU Yu, HE Mao-qiang, CAO Bin
2010, 29(3): 325-330. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.016
Abstract:
Through monitoring and analyzing the water quality and quantity of the precipitation and rainwater fallen on the roof in Jinan City, it is found that the rainwater fallen on the roof being slight contaminated water; and that after removal the initial rainwater and pre-treatment the water on the roof can reach certain standard to recharge fracture aquifer, which can be used for drinking water and protection of groundwater environments. The former trace tests prove that most karst aquifer medium in north China is multiple fracture-channels, thus, the variation of water quality brought by fast and slow flow in recharge process, including the rock-water reaction between the karst fracture medium and the rainwater on the roof, should be paid attention in tificial recharge under the condition of artificial recharge. The case study in Australia illustrates that the karst fracture aquifer has different decay effects to different contaminants. Over 100 years, Mount Gambier reuses urban storm-water by discharging the water into an unconfined limestone aquifer that recharges the Blue Lake - the city’s domestic water supply. But there is no any measurable detriment to the water quality in the Blue Lake to date. Of course, there are still many problems need to be studied in recharging karst fracture aquifer with rainwater fallen on the roof in Jinan.
Water quality evolution tendency in Maocun karst underground river in Guilin for the past more than 20 years
TANG Wei, PEI Jian-guo, YIN Jian-jun, LIN Yu-shi, PU Jun-bing, WANG Zhi-jun, ZHU Qin
2010, 29(3): 331-336. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.017
Abstract:
In light of the hydrochemistry and water quality monitoring data in 1983, 2007, 2008 and 2009 in Maocun underground river, variation of the major ions’ concentration in wet and dry seasons for the past more than 20 years are studied, and the water quality evolution trend is predicted on the basis of the water quality assessment. Underground river geochemical analysis shows that most of ions and index accord with standards Ⅰand Ⅱ prescribed by Groundwater Quality Standard(GB/T14848—93),water quality is comparatively good. However, the ion concentration is increasing generally because of change in land use, climate and other natural conditions, and the water quality is getting worse correspondingly. Among them, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Fe3+, K+, pH, Na+, E, TDS, total hardness, temporary hardness,permanent hardness and total alkalinity have increased remarkably. Human activities and climate as well as geologic processes between water and rock interaction contribute to ions concentration change,and human activity is the main influencing factor.
Analysis on the effect of water flow of Yanglang flood release project in Xifeng, Guiyang, China
CHENG Xing, WU Wei, QIN Fei-ni
2010, 29(3): 337-340. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.018
Abstract:
Without any hydrologic monitoring data, this paper calculate the water levels and discharges before and after releasing the flood water, in light of the flow data in high water period and the flood releasing flow data as well as river valley section parameter, and evaluate the disaster possibility led by flood releasing, by comparing the calculated results with the height of farmland and cottage along the riverbank. The result proves that the section bearing capacity is 491.091 m3/s and 476.219 m3/s on section A-A and C-C respectively, which is comparatively safe under the condition of releasing 412 m3/s in flow; but the section bearing capacity is 365.002 m3/s and 160.675 9 m3/s on section B-B and D-D, which will possibly lead to flood disaster under that situation.
Research on calculating methods for tourism carrying capacity of caves
XIANG Xu, YANG Xiao-xia, SHI Jun-zhuang
2010, 29(3): 341-348. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.03.019
Abstract:
After reviewed and analyzed the relevant literature at home and abroad, it is found that there are some weaknesses in the existed calculating methods for tourism carrying capacity of caves in the following aspects. (1) It is unscientific to calculate the tourism carrying capacity with single method, because of the difference of the energy and shape of the caves can not be discovered. (2) The value of tourist turnover rate in the calculation is too simple, because of the absence of full consideration on the special cave environments. (3) In determining the final value of show caves tourism carrying capacity, blindly applied the relevant stipulations of General Specification for Tourism Planning, and it’s unreasonable to choose the minimum value of ecological environment capacity, social mentality capacity, the sum of space capacity and facility capacity. (4) Because of the temperature in caves is very stable, heat method has little practical significance in calculating show caves tourism carrying capacity if only from visitors’ point. (5) Analysis on the regime of the tourism carrying capacity is often neglected in current calculation methods. To obtain a reasonable tourism carrying capacity of show caves, it should be based on the specific situations of caves in determining suitable calculating methods; appropriate intervals between two groups of visitors should be considered when calculate the turnover rate value of the tourism carrying capacity; for the value's choice of basic space standards, it is proposed the cave hall range from 3 to 5㎡/person, the cave corridor 5~10m/person. The maximum value of CO2 density in show caves should be determined according to the different caves’ specific situations and uniform standards should not be set up. It is recommended the CO2 volume exhaled by visitors should be 25 L/h and the CO2 background value in the cave air should be subject to the monitoring data of each caves. The controlling factors in the environments should be taken as important bases in the calculation.