Reservoir types and well logging identification of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Central Sichuan region
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摘要: 川中地区震旦系灯影组是一套典型的以碳酸盐岩为主的地层，储层结构异常复杂，弄清储层的类型及测井识别，从而进一步指导该区油气的勘探和开发。以岩心、薄片观察、钻井和录井资料为基础，通过对不同类型储层的常规测井和成像测井响应特征进行综合分析。研究区震旦系灯影组的储集空间主要是以次生成岩作用形成的孔隙、孔洞、洞穴和裂缝为主，根据不同储集空间的组合方式，将储层类型划分为孔洞型（顺层状孔洞型、蜂窝状空洞型）储层、裂缝—孔洞型储层、孔隙型储层和洞穴型储层四大类型。不同的储层类型具有不同的测井响应特征，利用研究区内已有的常规测井资料和成像测井资料建立了不同储层类型的测井识别标准,为川中地区灯影组油气的勘探与开发提供了新的思路。Abstract:
The Sinian Dengying Formation, situated in the Central Sichuan region, lies at the eastern high point of the Longnvsi ancient uplift axis in Leshan. This formation possesses both oil source and preservation conditions, making it a promising site for exploration. It is an important target and successor layer for oil and gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin. In 2011, the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) initiated the exploration of oil and gas resources at Well Gaoshi-1 in the Dengying Formation. This endeavor resulted in the successful discovery of oil and gas reservoirs within the Dengying Formation. Therefore, many scholars have conducted a lot of relevant research. However, they have only reached a consensus on the lithology and stratigraphic classification of the strata. There is still great controversy over the results of classifying reservoir types. In the process of oil and gas exploration, understanding the type of reservoir is an important step and a key factor that will directly affect the success of oil and gas exploration and development. The Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin has undergone seven major tectonic movements over a geological history of about 600 million years. These movements have led to significant changes in burial depthes and a range of diagenetic processes, resulting in a variety of reservoir space types. As a result, the combination of reservoir spaces is also very complex, leading to significant controversy in the classification of reservoir types. Understanding the type of reservoir is an important link in oil and gas exploration and development, as it directly affects the success of these endeavors. Therefore, this article utilizes rock cores and drilling logs from more than 30 wells in Central Sichuan and its surrounding areas as first-hand data. It conducts in-depth analysis of the reservoir types and logging identification characteristics of the Dengying Formation. In the research process, the existing drilling cores, field profiles, and thin sections of rocks in Central Sichuan and its surrounding areas were used as the main research subjects to study the rock types and storage spaces that constitute the reservoir. The results show that in the Dengying Formation, the lithology is predominantly dolomite, with a small amount of mudstone and siliceous rock. The rock types that form the reservoir are diverse, mainly including grain dolomite, sandstone dolomite, algal laminated dolomite, and karst breccia. The observation of thin sections and rock cores indicates that the current reservoir space is mainly composed of pores, holes, caves, and fractures formed by secondary processes. The pore-type space refers to that with a pore diameter less than 2 mm, mainly including intercrystalline dissolution pores, intergranular pores, and intergranular dissolution pores. The hole-type space refers to that with a pore diameter greater than 2 mm and less than 100 mm, mainly including karst holes along the direction of algal layers, porous karst holes, fractured karst holes, intergranular holes, and residual holes bordered with the shape of grape. The caves-type space refers to that with a pore diameter greater than 100 mm. The fracture-type space refers to a fracture formed by tectonic action, which significantly enhances the storage capacity and permeability of reservoirs in the Dengying Formation. In Central Sichuan, the storage spaces of the Dengying Formation are interconnected and distributed in a combined manner. Based on the primary or dominant reservoir spaces, reservoir types are classified into four categories, pore-holes type, fracture-pore-holes type, pore type, and cave type reservoirs. Each reservoir type exhibits distinct logging response characteristics. With the use of existing conventional logging data and micro-resistivity scanning imaging logging data in the study area, logging identification standards for different reservoir types have been established. This provides new insights for the exploration and development of oil and gas in the Dengying Formation in Central Sichuan. -
Key words:
- Central Sichuan /
- the Dengying Formation /
- reservoir types /
- logging identification /
- imaging logging
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图 2 川中地区灯影组储集空间类型
a.粒间溶孔,GK1井，5 443.33 m b.晶间孔,Z2井,3706.20 m,×5 (-) c.晶间溶孔，灯四段，先锋剖面 d.藻叠层白云岩，分布有顺藻纹层的溶孔、溶洞，且被白云石和沥青半充填，MX8,5482.76 m,(-)，×10 e.顺藻纹层方向的溶（孔）洞, Z6井，5 149.98 m f.孔隙型溶洞, Z4井, 5 486.00 m g砾间洞,洞内被白云石充填，GK1井，5 296.00 m, (+),×1 h.构造裂缝与裂缝型溶洞, GK1井, 5 302.00 m i.残余“葡萄花边”洞，威117井，3 067.6 m
Figure 2. Reservoir space types of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Central Sichuan
a.Intergranular dissolution pores, well GK1 , 5 443.33.00 m,×5(-) b. Intercrystallinepores,well Z2 , 3 706.20 m c.intercrystallinedissolution pores, Z2dn4, Pioneer Geological Profile d.Algal layered dolomite is distributed with dissolved pores and caves along the algal layer, and is semi-filled with dolomite and asphalt, MX8,5 482.76 m, ×5(-) e. Dissolved (pore) holes along the direction of the algal layer, well Z6 ,5 149.98 m f . pore-type karst caves,well Z4 , 5 486.00 m g. inter-gravel caves, filled with dolomite, well GK1,5296.00 m, (+),×1 h.Structural fractures and fracture-type caves, well GK1 , 5 302.00 m i. Residual caves bordered with grape shape, well W117 ,3067.6 m
图 3 川中地区灯影组不同类型储层的测井响应特征图
Figure 3. Logging response characteristics of different types of reservoirs in the Dengying Formation in Central Sichuan
图 4 XP101井蜂窝状孔洞型储层的测井响应特征
Figure 4. Logging response characteristics of the reservoir characterized by the type of honeycomb vuggy hole in Well XP101
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