湘鄂西地区寒武系娄山关组古岩溶储层及其发育控制因素

曹建文; 梁 彬; 张庆玉; 淡 永

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2013.03.013

湘鄂西地区寒武系娄山关组古岩溶储层及其发育控制因素

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2013.03.013

中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/国土资源部、广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学开放实验室

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目（2011CB201001）、中国地质调查局（ [2012]02-026-007）、国土资源部公益性行业专项（201211082）

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出版历程
- 发布日期: 2013-09-25

Paleokarst reservoir and the formation factors of the Loushanguan group, the Cambrian system in west Hunan and Hubei

Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/KeyLaboratory of Karst Dynamics,MLR & GZAR

摘要

摘要: 为了掌握湘鄂西地区寒武系娄山关组储层发育特征及其控制因素，通过典型露头调查、岩溶充填物地球化学测试、岩石薄片鉴定及物性测试等，对该储层进行了多方位研究，得出以下结论：（1）储层岩性以白云岩为主，属孔洞—裂缝型储层，储集空间主要表现为溶蚀孔洞、晶间孔隙、粒间溶孔、裂溶缝等；（2）储层溶蚀作用不受岩石组构控制，属于非组构选择性溶蚀，溶蚀孔洞多沿层面发育，分布大都在不整合面以下约20 m范围内，而且随着深度的增大，孔洞丰度也越小；（3）娄关山组上部地层不整合面不仅是油气运移的良好通道，同时也是有机质生烃聚集成藏的有利场所；（4）储层的发育主要受地质构造、气候环境及地层岩性控制；不整合面及多期次的构造裂缝，为溶蚀孔洞发育创造了很好的条件，但由于沉积间断期气候炎热和较干旱，地表水不是非常丰富，大气淡水淋滤作用较弱，而且储层岩性本身主要为粉、细晶白云岩，不大有利于水岩作用，因而储层不具备形成大中型岩溶缝洞系统的环境物质条件；（5）尽管储层未能形成有规模的古岩溶缝洞系统，但由于其溶蚀孔洞发育并有古化壳存在，因此它仍是中上扬子海相下组合油气勘探中重要的储层之一。
- 湘鄂西地区 /
- 娄山关组 /
- 古岩溶 /
- 不整合面 /
- 储层
Abstract: The study area is located in the west Hunan and Hubei, belong to the Yangtze platform. There is a tidal facies carbonate formation from the middle Cambrian to the early Ordovician sedimentaries, namely the Loushanguan group. Because of the sea-level lowering event at the end of the Cambrian, the carbonate platform was exposed. It created conditions for the development of the ancient karst reservoir. In order to master the characteristics of paleokarst reservoir and the formation factors of the Loushanguan group, the Loushanguan group is studied by means of original geological data analysis, geology survey, karst fillings test, thin section of rock identify and physical property test. It is concluded as follows,（1）the Loushanguan group dolomite reservoir is holes-cracks reservoir, and the reservoir space includes solution pores, intergranular pore and intergranular dissolved pore and crack soluble seam, etc;（2）dissolution is not controlled by the rock fabric, and the reservoir belongs to non-fabric selective dissolution. Solution pores distribute along the bedrock plane. Its distribution range is mostly within about 20 m below the unconformity plane, and the solution pores become less with depth; (3)the ancient weathering crust karst is not only a good channel for oil and gas migration, but also a favorable space for hydrocarbon generation of organic matter accumulation;(4)karst reservoir is mainly controlled by the geological structure, climate, environment and lithology. The unconformity plane between the Cambrian and Ordovician systems and a large number of structural fractures provided convenient conditions for fluid migration and storing. Because the climate is hot and dry during the sedimentary hiatus, the surface water is not very rich, and reservoir lithology is mainly the powder and fine crystal dolomite which is not conducive to water-rock effect, the karst form is mainly intergranular pore and solution pore, and the big ancient karst cave system didn’t form; (5)although the big ancient karst cave system didn’t form, the Loushanguan group still has nice reserving space for oil and gas, so it will be one of the important reservoirs for oil and gas exploration under the marine faces sediments of the middle and lower Yangtze formations. The exploration efforts should be strengthened in the next stage to seek new breakthrough in the field of oil and gas exploration in China.
- the west Hunan and Hubei /
- the Loushanguan group /
- paleokarst /
- unconformity plane /
- reservoir

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