Abstract: This paper summarize initially the influence of the factors, concerning cave temperature, humidity, surrounding, formation, structure and biology, upon cave accident assistance, by analyzing the caves environment of common types, and presents the necessary works for cave accident assistance, including basic equipment preparation, well-directed training, scene investigation, real-time command and backup support. Meanwhile, in view of the special for cave accident assistance and the function of fire-fight brigade determined by the revised Fire Service Law in this year, the paper propose the necessity and feasibility for built a government mountain emergency rescue system which is composed principally of fire-fight brigade and supplemented by the units having the ability of accident assistance and the nongovernmental relief for mountain emergency.