贵州东南部喀斯特汞金矿带苔藓植物及其重金属富集特征

刘荣相; 张朝晖

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.01.008

贵州东南部喀斯特汞金矿带苔藓植物及其重金属富集特征

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.01.008

刘荣相¹,
张朝晖²

1.
贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室
2.
贵州师范大学生命科学学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金[国基No.30860025]、国家人力资源与社会保障部留学人员科技活动优秀项目[人社厅（2008）86号]、贵州省中长期科技规划重大专项和重点领域基础培育项目[黔教科（2008）012号]

计量
- 文章访问数: 6969
- HTML浏览量: 700
- PDF下载量: 2701
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2009-08-11
- 发布日期: 2010-03-25

Bryophytes and its heavy metal accumulation in mercury-gold ore belt in the karst area of southeast Guizhou

LIU Rong-xiang¹,
ZHANG Zhao-hui²

1.
Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province
2.
School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University

摘要

摘要: 贵州东南部的三（三都）— 丹（丹寨）汞金矿带是以喀斯特地质为背景，以卡林型汞金矿为主的多金属矿带。长期汞矿的开采和冶炼，导致当地生态环境受到了严重的破坏。通过对矿带上各种典型生境苔藓植物标本的采集、整理及鉴定，发现了苔藓植物共13科26属58种，其中丛藓科和真藓科为优势科。对汞金矿带上占优势的南亚石灰藓Hydrogonium consanguineum、狭网真藓Bryum algovicum、小石藓 Weisia controversa、刺叶真藓Bryum lonchocaulon、皱叶毛口藓Trichostomum crispulum、狭叶小羽藓Haplocladium angustifolium、亮叶绢藓Entodon aeruginosus和黑扭口藓Barbula nigrescens等8种苔藓及基质的Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、As、Hg等8种金属元素进行了分析测定。结果表明，8种苔藓体内元素含量最高是Ca，其次是Mg，最低的是Cd。Hg-Zn（P＜0.01）存在极显著正相关；Hg-Pb（P＜0.05）存在显著正相关性；而As-Cd（P＜0.05）则存在显著负相关。应用富集系数分析，表明了矿带上8种苔藓对Cu均有一定的富集作用，小石藓对Hg、Cd、Cu、Zn等4种重金属的富集系数均大于1，狭网真藓对Hg、As、Cu、Pb等4种重金属的富集系数大于1，表明这两个物种对汞金矿带上重金属污染具有良好的耐受性，是矿带上生物恢复、矿区综合治理的适宜物种。
- 苔藓植物 /
- 喀斯特 /
- 富集系数 /
- 重金属污染 /
- 汞金矿带
Abstract: The San-Dan (Sandu-Danzhai) Mercury-Gold Ore Belt in the karst area of southeast Guizhou belongs to the Carlin-type mercury-gold deposits. Long-term mercury ore and gold ore exploiting and smelting led to serious environmental pollution in San-Dan Mercury Belt. Based on extensive investigation of the bryophytes in the area, it is discovered that the bryoflora consists of 58 species and 26 genera in 13 families. The dominant families are Bryaceae and Pottiaceae. The concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, As and Hg in bryophytes and their substrates are measured. Hydrogonium consanguineum, Bryum algovicum, Weisia controversa, Bryum lonchocaulon, Trichostomum crispulum, Haplocladium angustifolium, Entodon aeruginosus and Entodon aeruginosus are the dominant species in Mercury-Gold Belt. The results show that Ca concentration is the highest, Mg the second and the Cd the lowest in the plants of eight main species of bryophytes. Hg-Zn shows prefect correlation at 0.01 level, Hg-Pb shows coefficient at 0.05 leve1, but As-Cd shows negative correlation at 0.05 leve1. Based on the analysis on the accumulation coefficient, all the eight species have ability to accumulate Copper. Weisia controversa and Bryum algovicum could accumulate more than four types of heavy metals. It indicates that these two species have strong tolerance to contamination by Mercury-Gold ore belt and is good materials to be used for bioremediation and comprehensive treatment of abandoned mining site.
- bryophytes /
- karst /
- accumulation coefficient /
- heavy mental pollution /
- mercury-gold ore belt

HTML

参考文献(33)

[1]	贵州省地方志编纂委员会.贵州省志?有色金属工业志［M］.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2002:1-424.
[2]	Feng X B, Qiu G L. Mercury pollution in Guizhou, Southwestern China-An overview［J］. Science of the Total Environment, 2008,400: 227-237.
[3]	Limbong D, Kumampung J,Ayhuan D. Mercury Pollution Related to Artisanal Gold Mining in North Sulawesi Island, Indonesia［J］. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2005,75: 989-996.
[4]	Jan H M, Joyce S R, Carlos L,et al. Mercury contamination in freshwater, estuarine, and marine fishes in relation to small-scale gold mining in Suriname, South America［J］. Environmental Research Section A, 2001,86: 183-197.
[5]	仇广乐,冯新斌,王少锋,等.贵州汞矿矿区不同位置土壤中总汞和甲基汞污染特征的研究［J］.环境科学, 2006,27(3):550-555.
[6]	刘鹏.贵州典型矿区环境中汞污染的研究［D］.贵州大学,2006:1-131.
[7]	胡月红.国内外汞污染分布状况研究综述［J］.环境保护科学,2008,34(1):38-41.
[8]	陈伟华,宋建波,苏孝良.矿山石漠化——与喀斯特石漠化并存的一种石漠化类型［J］.矿业研究与开发,2007,27(5):39-41.
[9]	Brooks R R,Yates T E,Ogden J. Copper in bryophytes from coppermine island, Hen and Chickens Group, New Zealand［J］. New Zealand Journal of Botany,1972,11:443-448.
[10]	Hartman E L.The ecology of the "Copper Moss" Mielichhoferia mielichhoferia in Colorado［J］. Bryologist, 1969,72: 56-59.
[11]	Samecka-Cymerman A, Kempers A J. Bioindication of gold by a quatic bryophytes ［J］.Acta Hydro-chim.Hydrobiol,1998,26:90-94.
[12]	彭涛,张朝晖.湖北省大冶市铜山口铜矿区藓类植物初步研究［J］.贵州师范大学(自然学版),2006,24(2):1-6.
[13]	黄文琥,张朝晖.贵州烂泥沟金矿5种苔藓植物的生物地球化学研究及生物探矿潜力分析［J］.黄金, 2006,12(27):12-15.
[14]	李冰,张朝晖.贵州烂泥沟金矿区苔藓植物及其生态修复潜力分析［J］.热带亚热带植物学报,2008,16(6):511-515.
[15]	Pentecost A, Zhang Z H. The travertine flora of Juizhaigou and Munigou,China, and its relationship with calcium carbonate deposition［J］.Cave and Karst Science,2000,27(2):71-78.
[16]	Pentecost A, Zhang Z H. Response of bryophytes to exposure and water availability on some European travertines［J］. Journal of Bryology, 2006,28: 21-26.
[17]	Zhang Z H, Pentecost A. New and noteworthy list of bryophytes from active travertine sites of Guizhou and Sichuan, S.W.China［J］. Journal of Bryology,2000,22(1):66-68.
[18]	黄根深,杜宜渝.三-丹汞矿带中的微细粒浸染型金矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨［J］.贵州地质, 1993,10(1):1-9.
[19]	李红阳,高振敏,杨竹森,等.贵州丹寨卡林型金矿床地球化学特征［J］.地质科学, 2002,37(1):1-7.
[20]	Mattina M I, Lannucci B W, Mussante C, et al.Concurrent plant up take of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutanta from soil［J］.Environ pollut,2003,124:375-378.
[21]	曾曙才,谢正生,陈北光. 几种林木植物体及枯落物的微量元素分析［J］.华南农业大学学报?自然科学版,2002,23(2):69-61.
[22]	张朝晖,陈家宽,艾伦．培特客斯. 法国阿尔卑斯山(Mt.Alps’,France)溪流型喀斯特瀑布水生苔藓植物群落生态研究［J］.中国岩溶,2007,26(1):24-30.
[23]	张朝晖, Pentecost A. 英国钙华苔藓植物区系特征及其主要钙华沉积类型［J］.中国岩溶,2002,21(1)36-43.
[24]	张朝晖, Pentecost A. 法国阿尔卑斯—罗讷(Rhone-Alps)岩溶洞穴弱光带苔藓植物群落研究［J］.中国岩溶,2001,20(3)237-240.
[25]	张朝晖, Pentecost A. 英格兰洞穴苔藓植物区系特征及其岩溶沉积研究［J］.西北植物学报 2002,22 (2):359-367.
[26]	张朝晖,陈家宽.桂西南喀斯特瀑布水生苔藓植物生物多样性与生态沉积类型研究［J］.沉积学报,2007,25(4):603-611.
[27]	张朝晖.黄果树喀斯特区域苔藓植物名录［J］.贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,15(1):24-34.
[28]	张朝晖,王智慧,祝安.黄果树喀斯特洞穴群苔藓植物岩溶的初步研究［J］.中国岩溶,1996,15(3)224-231.
[29]	张朝晖,彭涛,李晓娜,等.中国昆明地区岩溶洞穴洞口带苔藓植物研究［J］. 中国岩溶,2004,23(3)229-233.
[30]	张朝晖,李晓娜,彭涛,等.中国广西岩溶洞穴萤光苔类新记录:光苔和艳绿光苔(苔纲,光苔科)［J］.中国岩溶,2004,23(2)154-157.
[31]	吴鹏程.苔藓植物生物学［M］.北京:科学出版社,1998,1-357.
[32]	安丽,曹同,俞膺浩.不同苔藓植物对重金属富集能力的比较［J］.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,35(6):64-70.
[33]	Boularbah A,Schwartz C,Bitton G,et al.Heavy metal contamination from mining sites in South Morocco:Assessment of metal accumulation and toxicity in plants［J］.Chemosphere,2006,63(5): 811-817.