Abstract: Coal resource is abundant and coal mining is very active in Guizhou province. According to the statistics, the proven reserve of coal is 50 billion tons in Guizhou. There are 2143 coal mine in Guizhou,2005,and township small coal mine is more than 1 700. Coal mining, occupying land very common, usually causes serious soil erosion. Among them, only the coal mine integration, technological transformation and new project have occupied land and caused soil erosion approximately 250～300 km2 in area in the recent years, which increased more than 1 million tons of soil erosion. Especially, the most serious soil erosion is caused by coal mine construction with the average erosion modulus higher than 7 500 t / a?km2 in most case, even higher than 15 000 t / a ? km2 in individual lot. There are many problems during Guizhou coal mine integration, the existence of the "three simultaneous" may not be implemented, control areas of responsibility defined in unreasonable and inadequate coverage of prevention and control measures, inappropriate species selection, soil prevention and control techniques backward, inadequate investment in water conservation and other issues. So, in order to reinforce more scientific measures in soil and water conservation in the future, soil and water conservation works in coalmine area should be incorporated with regional soil and water conservation project, and scientific research on the relationship between karst environment and soil erosion should be enhanced. Meanwhile, it is needed to expand the scope of responsibility and to increase budgetary unit price in the preparation of the soil and water conservation programme.