大葱里尾砂库周边岩溶暗河发育特征及地下水污染成因分析

黎新跃; 李波; 周毅; 谢嘉; 姚伟涛

doi:10.11932/karst2026y028

大葱里尾砂库周边岩溶暗河发育特征及地下水污染成因分析

doi: 10.11932/karst2026y028

1.
湖南省地球物理地球化学调查所, 湖南长沙 410000
2.
湖南省环境保护科学研究院, 湖南长沙 410007

详细信息

作者简介:
黎新跃（1982－）, 男，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质、矿山尾矿库与岩溶方面研究

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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-21
- 录用日期: 2026-06-26
- 修回日期: 2026-06-07
- 网络出版日期: 2026-07-22

Analysis of the development characteristics of karst underground rivers and groundwater pollution causes in the vicinity of Dacongli Tailing Sand Reservior

1.
Geophysical and Geochemical Survey Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
2.
Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China

摘要

摘要: 香花岭地处湖南省湘南地区，具有矿产资源丰富，开采历史悠久的特点。但在各类矿床开采冶炼中，产生了大量的工业废渣和废水。由于未经有效处理而长期随意排放，给当地的水土环境造成严重的污染。本文通过水工环综合调查、地球物理深部探测和地下水污染分析等综合方法，旨在查明香花岭中~下游碳酸盐岩区地下暗河发育情况和地下水污染特征，以及暗河发育与地下水污染的因果关系。经综合调查和深部探测发现，在大葱里尾砂库下方、半岭和考古岭一带，存在I和II号2条地下暗河。其中，I号暗河长1150 km，II号暗河长712 m，总体埋深在65 m~93 m。对大葱里尾砂库上游和下游的地下水进行对比检测表明，上游地下水中的氟化物和砷含量较低，其中氟化物含量仅为0.63%，砷含量为0.02%，均未出现V类超标情况；而下游暗河出口水中的氟化物则出现V类超标异常，表明暗河出口的污染源主要来自大葱里尾砂库中的污水和污泥。此外，尾砂库岩溶塌陷，致使库中污水污泥渗漏，进一步验证了库中污染物通过浅部的岩溶构造作为运移通道，向下运移至深部的暗河中，造成地下水污染的结论。针对上述结论，提出从上游入口中投入药剂改良水质，并对尾砂库加强监管的建议措施。
- 大葱里尾砂库 /
- 砷 /
- 氟化物 /
- 暗河
Abstract: Xianghualing is located in the southern part of Hunan Province, with abundant mineral resources and a long history of mining.However, in the mining and smelting of various mineral deposits, a large amount of industrial waste and wastewater are generated.Due to long-term indiscriminate discharge without effective treatment, it has caused serious pollution to the local water and soil environment.For example, through long-term monitoring of the water quality at the underground river outlet of the Daping Power Station downstream, it was found that the fluoride concentration was above 3.695ml·L⁻¹, which is classified as a V-grade type; The arsenic concentration fluctuates around 0.031ml·L⁻¹ and is classified as Class I-III.This article aims to investigate the development of underground rivers and the characteristics of groundwater pollution in the middle to lower reaches of carbonate rock areas, as well as the causal relationship between underground river development and groundwater pollution,through comprehensive methods such as hydraulic engineering and environmental investigation, geophysical deep exploration, and groundwater pollution analysis. It provides targeted governance suggestions for local environmental protection departments.After comprehensive investigation and deep exploration, it was found that there are two underground rivers,named I and II, distributed under the tail sand reservoir of Dacongli,and the section form Banling hill to Kaoguling mountain.With an overall burial depth of 65m to 93m,The length of underground river I is 1150km, and the length of underground river II is 712m.By comparative testing of the groundwater between upstream and downstream of the tail sand reservoir of Dacongli, it showed that the fluoride and arsenic content in the upstream groundwater was relatively low, with fluoride content only 0.63% and arsenic content 0.02%, and no V-class exceedance was observed; In contrast,the fluoride in the water at the outlet of the downstream underground river exceeded the V-class standard abnormally,which Indicated that the pollution source at the outlet of the dark river mainly comes from the sewage and sludge in the tail sand storage of Dacongli. Moreover, karst collapse occurred in the tailings storage facility, leading to leakage of sewage and sludge in the reservoir. alse further confirmed the conclusion that pollutants in the reservoir are transported downwards through shallow karst structures to deep underground rivers, resulting in groundwater pollution. Based on the above conclusion, it is suggested to invest chemicals from the upstream inlet to improve water quality and strengthen supervision of tailings storage facilities.
- tailing sand reservior of Dacongli /
- arsenic /
- fluoride /
- underground river

HTML

图 1 浅部岩溶发育特征及素描图

Figure 1. Characteristics of shallow karst structure and its sketch map

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图 2 地下暗河出口

Figure 2. Exit of underground river

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图 3 尾矿上清液与暗河水不同物质浓度曲线特征图

Figure 3. Curve characters of various elements from supernatant of Da Congli tailing reservior and hiding river

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图 4 大葱里尾砂库周边岩溶暗河平面、断面特征图

Figure 4. Planar distribution and transverse sections of karst hiding rivers nearby the Da Ccongli tailing reservior

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图 5 尾矿砂塌陷及暗河出口污染物堆积体

Figure 5. Collapse in tailing sand reservior and the pollutant pile in export of dark rivers

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图 6 污染物迁移途径图

Figure 6. The Sketch Map of pollutant Migration

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表 1 暗河下游岩溶水水质检测结果表

Table 1. Test results of karst water quality from lower reaches of dark river

检测项	PH	砷（ml·L⁻¹）		锌（ml·L⁻¹）		铅（ml·L⁻¹）	镉（ml·L⁻¹）	硒（ml·L⁻¹）
检测结果	7.48	0.03125		0.132		0.000125	0.00078	0.00041
质量级别	\	I~III类		I~II类		I类		I~II类

检测项	锑（ml·L⁻¹）		铊（ml·L⁻¹）		锰（ml·L⁻¹）		镍（ml·L⁻¹）	氟化物（ml·L⁻¹）
检测结果	0.0067		0.00006		1.98		0.0117	3.695
质量级别	\							超V类
标准依据：地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002中表1（地表水环境质量标准基本项目标准限值ml·L⁻¹）

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表 2 陶家河上游~下游2020年流量监测结果统计表（万t/日）

Table 2. Flow monitoring results of TAO Jia river ranging from upstream to downstream in 2020（w.t/d)

断面号\日期	2月25日	4月20日	6月15日	8月20日	10月25日	12月19日
上游108断面	23.6	30.7	150.9	101.4	60.5	35.8
下游109断面	22.3	28.3	145.1	95.8	57.7	33.1
垂向渗透率	5.5%	7.8%	3.8%	5.5%	4.6%	7.5%

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表 3 尾矿上清液不同物质分析结果表

Table 3. Test results of various elements from supernatant of Da Congli tailing reservior

PH	锌（ml·L⁻¹）	锑（ml·L⁻¹）	锰（ml·L⁻¹）	铊（ml·L⁻¹）	砷（ml·L⁻¹）	铅（ml·L⁻¹）	镉（ml·L⁻¹）	硒（ml·L⁻¹）	镍（ml·L⁻¹）	氟化物（ml·L⁻¹）
6.3	4.45	0.186	8.36	0.00031	0.1845	0.4145	0.075555	0.001135	0.1875	17.4

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