世界超级洞穴苗厅“空-地-洞”一体化测量应用研究

周文龙; 宋小庆; 罗辑; 李怀兵; 杨家芳; 赵世启; 莫贵芬

doi:10.11932/karst2026y001

世界超级洞穴苗厅“空-地-洞”一体化测量应用研究

doi: 10.11932/karst2026y001

周文龙^{1, 2,},
宋小庆³,
罗辑⁴,
李怀兵⁴,
杨家芳¹,
赵世启¹,
莫贵芬¹

1.
贵州省山地资源研究所, 贵州贵阳 550001
2.
中国地质学会洞穴专业委员会, 广西桂林 541004
3.
贵州地质工程勘察设计研究院有限公司, 贵州贵阳 550008
4.
贵州云图瞰景地理信息技术有限公司, 贵州贵阳 550007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42161001）；贵州科学院2021年度学术新苗培养及自由探索创新专项；贵州省山地资源研究所创新能力建设项目(黔科山平台[2025]01号)。

详细信息

作者简介:
周文龙，(1984— )，男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事洞穴与喀斯特方面的研究。E-mail：karstpro@hotmail.com

中图分类号: K903;P931.5;P217
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- 文章访问数: 20
- HTML浏览量: 8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-20
- 录用日期: 2025-12-29
- 修回日期: 2025-12-26
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-23

Applied research on integrated "Air-Ground-Cave" surveying of the World's Supercave, the Miao Chamber Cavern：A case study of the Ziyun Miao Chamber

1.
Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resource, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
2.
Speleology Committee of the Geological Society of China, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Guizhou Geological Engineering Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550008, China
4.
Guizhou Cloud View Geographic Information Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 55007, China

摘要

摘要: 紫云苗厅作为世界罕见的超级洞穴，其巨大的空间尺寸和复杂的地质结构给传统测量方法带来了巨大挑战。本文针对早期探测工作存在的不足，探索了“空-地-洞”一体化测量技术体系，通过集成无人机航测、地面激光扫描等多种先进测量技术，构建了完整的空间数据采集与多源数据融合配准处理体系，首次实现了对苗厅地表喀斯特与地下多层溶洞三维立体空间信息的高精度、全方位测量与融合配准，并进行技术总结与数据应用研究，得到如下结论（1）在2014年中-英联合科学考察测量工作的基础上，采用SLAM技术对此前苗厅点云偏差进行纠正，并结合RTK连接千寻CORS服务，赋予了整个苗厅绝对空间参考，为了重新认知苗厅的发育演化过程提供了可靠的数据支持；（2）结合已融合配准的空间立体信息，运用点云切片分析工具，可直观掌握地表喀斯特与地下多层溶洞之间的位置关系，通过对空间关系以及组合地貌形态的剖析，有助于进一步理解世界超级洞穴苗厅的发育成因以及与地表喀斯特之间的协同演化机制；（3）“空-地-洞”一体化测量可有效解决传统技术在巨型洞穴探测中的局限性，在实景复原地物特征的同时，显著提高了测绘精度；（4）苗厅发育主要受到4组不同方向、不同等级的节理控制，且目前相对稳定，其地表古水流流向至少分为中洞和小穿洞两路通行，现代地表径流仍可通过喀斯特管道和裂隙不同程度地补给苗厅；（5）“空-地-洞”一体化测量技术体系在紫云苗厅的成功应用，为以类似巨型地下空间和复杂地质结构为研究对象的地表-地下立体空间测量提供了新的范式。
- 世界超级洞穴苗厅 /
- "空-地-洞"一体化测量 /
- 地面激光扫描 /
- 机载LiADR /
- 无人机倾斜摄影测量 /
- 多源数据融合配准
Abstract: As a world-class rare super cavern, the Ziyun Miao Chamber presents extraordinary challenges for traditional surveying techniques due to its vast spatial dimensions, intricate multi-level cave structures, and complex geological formations. To address the limitations of early exploration efforts, this study develops and implements an innovative integrated "air-ground-cave" surveying technology system. By synergizing advanced methodologies, including drone-based aerial photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology, a comprehensive spatial data acquisition and multi-source data fusion framework was established. This system enabled, for the first time, high-precision, full-coverage 3D surveying and seamless registration of both surface karst landforms and multi-tiered underground cave networks within the Miao Chamber.The research outcomes, derived from technical summarization and extensive data analysis, yield the following key findings: (1) Data Correction and Spatial Referencing: Building upon the foundational 2014 Sino-British joint scientific survey, this study employed SLAM technology to rectify point cloud deviations from prior measurements of the Miao Chamber. By integrating real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning with the Qianxun Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) service, an absolute spatial reference framework was established for the entire cave system. This advancement not only enhances measurement accuracy but also provides reliable geo-spatial data for re-examining the developmental history and evolutionary mechanisms of the Miao Chamber. (2) Spatial Visualization and Geomorphological Analysis: Utilizing the fused and registered 3D spatial datasets, point cloud slicing analysis tools were applied to generate intuitive visualizations of the positional relationships between surface karst features and multi-level subterranean caves. These analyses reveal critical spatial correlations and composite geomorphological patterns, offering new insights into the formation processes of this world-class super cavern. The findings highlight the co-evolutionary dynamics between the Miao Chamber and the overlying karst landscape, driven by long-term hydrological and tectonic interactions. (3) Technological Advancements in Cave Surveying: The integrated "air-ground-cave" surveying approach effectively overcomes the constraints of traditional techniques in exploring giant cave systems. By combining aerial, terrestrial, and underground data acquisition methods, this system achieves highly accurate 3D reconstructions of surface topography and subterranean structures. The methodology not only enhances surveying accuarcy but also sets a benchmark for future explorations of similar large-scale karst environments. (4) Structural Controls and Hydrological Pathways: Geological investigations demonstrate that the development of the Miao Chamber is predominantly governed by four sets of hierarchically organized joints with varying orientations. Current structural assessments indicate that the cave system remains in a relatively stable state. Paleo-hydrological evidence suggests that ancient surface flows were divided into at least two distinct pathways (Zhongdong and Xiaochuandong). Modern surface runoff continues to recharge the underground system through karst conduits and fractures, sustaining the dynamic interplay between surface and subsurface processes. (5) Paradigm for Future Cave Exploration: The successful application of the integrated "air-ground-cave" surveying technology system in the Ziyun Miao Chamber establishes a pioneering framework for 3D spatial measurements of giant subterranean spaces and complex geological structures. This methodology not only enhances scientific understanding of karst systems but also provides a replicable model for global cave exploration, particularly in regions with similar geomorphological and hydrological conditions.In conclusion, this study advances the field of karst geomorphology by delivering a high-precision, multi-dimensional surveying solution for super caves. The findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of cave formation mechanisms, structural stability, and hydrological connectivity, while the developed techniques offer transformative potential for future research and exploration in subterranean environments worldwide.
- the World's supercave, the Miao Chamber Cavern /
- integrated "air-ground-cave" surveying /
- terrestrial laser scanning /
- airborne LiDAR /
- UAV tilt photogrammetry /
- multi-source data fusion registration

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图 1 苗厅在格必河伏流洞穴系统的位置

Figure 1. The location of Miao Chamber within the subterranean flow cave system of the Gebihe River

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

1 苗厅地表洞穴与喀斯特地貌组合

1. The combination of caves and karst landforms on the surface of the Miao Chamber

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图 2 技术路线图

Figure 2. Technical roadmap

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图 3 点云偏差纠正与绝对空间参考

Figure 3. Point cloud deviation correction and absolute spatial reference

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图 4 数据采集过程与点云融合配准效果

Figure 4. Data acquisition process and point cloud fusion registration results

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图 5 立体空间结构与组合地貌形态

Figure 5. 3D spatial structure and composite geomorphological forms

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图 6 多层溶洞与地表峰丛之间的空间位置关系

Figure 6. The spatial position relationship between multi-layer karst caves and surface peak-clusters

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图 7 数字表面模型与古水流流向

Figure 7. Digital surface model and ancient water flow direction

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图 8 点云切片与地表径流关系

Figure 8. The relationship between point cloud slicing and surface runoff

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图 9 苗厅-钻石大厅发育与主要节理控制关系

Figure 9. The relationship between the development and main control joint of the Miao-Zuanshi Chambers

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