广西弄岗喀斯特区不同生态系统土壤有机碳矿化对温度和水分变化的响应

黎俊; 杜馨如; 王少涵; 龙继凤; 裴广廷; 王爱华; 贺同鑫; 张伟东; 朱同彬; 孙建飞

doi:10.11932/karst20260307

广西弄岗喀斯特区不同生态系统土壤有机碳矿化对温度和水分变化的响应

doi: 10.11932/karst20260307

黎俊^{1, 2,},
杜馨如^{1, 2},
王少涵^{1, 2},
龙继凤³,
裴广廷^{1, 4},
王爱华^{1, 4},
贺同鑫^{1, 4, ,},
张伟东⁵,
朱同彬⁶,
孙建飞^{1, 4}

1.
南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室, 广西南宁 530001
2.
南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院, 广西南宁 530001
3.
广西弄岗国家级自然保护区管理中心, 广西崇左 532499
4.
弄岗喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西崇左 532499
5.
中国科学院会同森林生态实验站, 亚热带森林生态系统结构与服务功能湖南省重点实验室, 湖南会同 418307
6.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 广西桂林 541004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42367068，42277468）；八桂青年拔尖人才培养项目；弄岗喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目（桂科23-026-273）；大学生创新创业训练项目（202510603086）

详细信息

作者简介:
黎俊（1999－），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：土壤碳循环相关研究。E-mail：2041171293@qq.com

通讯作者:
贺同鑫（1987－），女，副研究员，主要从事喀斯特土壤碳循环及微生物学机制的研究。E-mail：htx@nnnu.edu.cn。

中图分类号: S153
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-05
- 录用日期: 2026-05-25
- 修回日期: 2026-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2026-06-25

Response of soil organic carbon mineralization to temperature and moisture changes across different karst ecosystems in Nonggang, Guangxi, China

LI Jun^{1, 2
,},
DU Xinru^{1, 2},
WANG Shaohan^{1, 2},
LONG Jifeng³,
PEI Guangting^{1, 4},
WANG Aihua^{1, 4},
HE Tongxin^{1, 4
, ,},
ZHANG Weidong⁵,
ZHU Tongbin⁶,
SUN Jianfei^{1, 4}

1.
Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
2.
School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
3.
Management Center of Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Chongzuo, Guanxgi 532499, China
4.
Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Chongzuo, Guanxgi 532499, China
5.
Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huitong, Hunan 418307, China
6.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/ International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

摘要

摘要: 为探明广西喀斯特主要生态系统土壤有机碳（SOC）矿化对温度和水分变化的响应特征及其影响因素，文章以农田、草地、灌丛、次生林和原始林5种生态系统的土壤为研究对象，进行不同温度（20 ℃、25 ℃、30 ℃）和水分梯度（田间持水量的30%、50%、70%）的室内培养实验，分析SOC矿化变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）升温显著促进SOC矿化速率、累积矿化量和潜在矿化量的增加，而水分增加对SOC矿化的促进作用较弱，且其效应受温度调控。温度是驱动SOC矿化的主导因子。（2）不同生态系统的SOC矿化特征差异显著，表现为次生林和原始林较高，农田最低。土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、pH和交换性钙是影响矿化过程的关键因子。（3）温度敏感性（Q₁₀值）范围为1.16~2.26，其中农田和草地的温度敏感性显著高于灌丛、次生林和原始林。水分对Q₁₀的影响因生态系统而异，草地Q₁₀随水分增加显著降低。硝态氮和SOC含量是调控Q₁₀的主要因素。
- 喀斯特生态系统 /
- 土壤有机碳矿化 /
- 土壤温度敏感性 /
- 土壤氮有效性 /
- 广西弄岗
Abstract: Soil Organic Carbon(SOC) mineralization is the process of SOC decomposition driven by microorganisms, followed by the subsequent release of CO₂. This process plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle and is highly sensitive to climate warming and shifts in precipitation patterns. The karst region of southwest China is inherently ecologically fragile, and historically, inappropriate land use led to severe rocky desertification. Over recent decades, however, major national ecological restoration projects have driven substantial vegetation recovery, turning the region into an important carbon sink. While considerable researches have focused on the recovery of vegetation and soil carbon stocks, systematic understanding of SOC mineralization dynamics and its response to coupled changes in temperature and moisture across the full successional sequence from farmland to primary forest remain limited. Using a laboratory incubation approach, this study aimed to clarify how SOC mineralization responds to variations in temperature and moisture across different karst ecosystems, how temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) responses to changes in moisture availability, and what key factors regulate these processes.The study was conducted in the Nonggang National Nature Reserve in Guangxi. The area experiences a typical tropical monsoon climate, with a mean annual temperature of 22 ℃ and annual precipitation ranging from 1,150 to 1,550 mm. The soil is calcareous soil derived from limestone. In the study area, five vegetation types are distributed: farmland, grassland, shrubland, secondary forest, and primary forest. Among them, farmland, grassland, and shrubland are located around the periphery of the protected area, the secondary forest is situated in the experimental zone of the protected area, and the primary forest is located in the buffer zone of the protected area. Surface soil (0−15 cm) were collected in July, 2022. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to measure SOC mineralization under three temperature levels (20 ℃, 25 ℃, and 30 ℃) and three moisture levels (30%, 50%, and 70% of water-holding capacity). SOC mineralization rates were measured using the alkali absorption method, and Q₁₀ values were calculated based on these rates. Soil physicochemical properties, including SOC, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, ammonium, nitrate, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, and pH were also determined.The results showed, (1) Elevated temperature significantly enhanced SOC mineralization rate, cumulative mineralization, and potentially mineralizable carbon. Increased moisture also promoted mineralization, but its effect was weaker and modulated by temperature. Binary quadratic model fitting indicated that temperature was the dominant driver of SOC mineralization. (2) SOC mineralization characteristics varied distinctly among ecosystems. Cumulative mineralization was higher in secondary and primary forests and lowest in farmland. Heatmap analysis and stepwise regression revealed that soil ammonium, nitrate, pH, and exchangeable calcium were the key factors influencing the mineralization process. (3) Q₁₀ values in this study ranged from 1.16 to 2.26. Farmland and grassland exhibited significantly higher temperature sensitivity than shrubland and forests. Although the main effect of moisture on Q₁₀ was not significant, a significant interaction between ecosystem type and moisture was observed. In grassland, Q₁₀ decreased markedly with increasing moisture. Stepwise regression analysis showed that nitrate and SOC content were the primary factors regulating Q₁₀.This study systematically examined the response of SOC mineralization to coupled changes in temperature and moisture across a successional sequence from farmland to primary forest in the Guangxi karst region. The findings indicate that SOC mineralization is strongly responsive to climate warming, and the magnitude was significantly regulated by ecosystem types and soil nitrogen availability. Compared with non-karst ecosystems, the Q₁₀ values observed here were generally lower, and early-successional ecosystems (farmland and grassland) displayed higher temperature sensitivity than late-successional ecosystems (shrubland and forest). This finding has important implications for regional carbon balance projections. As climate warming continues, restored ecosystems in rocky desertification regions may face an increasing risk of soil carbon loss and a potential shift from carbon sink to carbon source. This change is constrained by ecosystem nutrient availability, particularly nitrogen. This study provides experimental evidence and mechanistic insights that are essential for accurately evaluating the carbon source/sink function of karst ecosystems under ongoing global change.
- karst ecosystem /
- soil organic carbon mineralization /
- soil temperature sensitivity /
- soil nitrogen availability /
- Nonggang in Guangxi

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图 1 研究区采样点的不同生态系统

Figure 1. Different ecosystems at sampling sites in the study area

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图 2 土壤有机碳累积矿化量

注：T为温度；W为水分；F为分布统计量；P为显著性；下同。

Figure 2. Cumulative SOC mineralization

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图 3 土壤有机碳矿化温度敏感性Q₁₀

注：不同大写字母表示不同生态系统间差异显著，不同小写字母表示不同水分间差异显著；E为生态系统；W为水分。

Figure 3. Temperature sensitivity of SOC mineralization

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图 4 温度和水分与土壤有机碳累积矿化量的关系

Figure 4. Relationships between temperature, moisture and cumulative SOC mineralization

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图 5 相关性分析

注：**表示在P<0.01水平上影响显著，*表示在P<0.05水平上影响显著。

Figure 5. Pearson correlation analysis

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表 1 土壤基本性质

Table 1. Soil basic properties

土壤性质	农田	草地	灌丛	次生林	原始林
有机碳 SOC/（g·kg⁻¹）	14.09±0.67c	14.16±0.83c	41.82±2.51b	48.40±2.97a	38.47±0.44b
总氮 TN/（g·kg⁻¹）	1.75±0.03c	2.29±0.58c	4.74±0.30ab	5.52±0.27a	4.29±0.31b
微生物量碳 MBC/（mg·kg⁻¹）	77.27±5.66c	439.71±76.62b	703.55±61.37a	663.97±43.36a	207.08±26.58c
铵态氮 NH$_4^{+}$/（mg·kg⁻¹）	9.84±0.74d	13.77±0.67c	11.08±1.03cd	23.16±1.35b	36.33±1.86a
硝态氮 ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$/（mg·kg⁻¹）	15.99±3.16b	17.04±5.37b	40.26±5.66a	27.19±1.97b	28.70±2.65ab
有效磷AP/（mg·kg⁻¹）	17.08±2.48a	7.48±1.25b	8.01±0.61b	6.92±0.37b	6.31±0.51b
速效钾AK/（mg·kg⁻¹）	127.88±2.83ab	103.43±12.47b	111.33±20.45ab	139.83±3.52a	118.10±1.75ab
交换性钙Ca²⁺/（g·kg⁻¹）	0.70±0.45c	5.67±1.89c	17.61±6.48bc	85.89±8.02a	28.54±2.21b
pH	4.94±0.38b	7.24±0.16a	7.29±0.16a	7.02±0.13a	6.89±0.06a
田间持水量WHC/%	42.32	48.10	52.92	48.20	51.47
注：不同小写字母表示不同生态系统差异显著（P<0.05）。

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表 2 生态系统、温度和水分对土壤有机碳矿化的影响

Table 2. Effects of ecosystem, temperature and moisture on soil organic carbon mineralization

因素	平均矿化速率AR		累积矿化量C_min		潜在矿化量C₀		累积矿化率C_min/SOC
因素	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
生态系统	466.074	<0.01	455.657	<0.01	177.532	<0.01	234.400	<0.01
温度	87.700	<0.01	84.729	<0.01	23.701	<0.01	117.674	<0.01
水分	21.060	<0.01	20.097	<0.01	8.583	<0.01	15.037	<0.01
生态系统×温度	3.570	<0.05	3.587	<0.05	0.580	0.792	22.154	<0.01
生态系统×水分	1.948	0.062	1.848	0.078	1.170	0.326	1.042	0.411
温度×水分	0.839	0.504	0.834	0.507	0.288	0.885	0.291	0.883
生态系统×温度×水分	0.474	0.954	0.458	0.960	0.390	0.982	0.665	0.820

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表 3 不同处理土壤有机碳矿化特征

Table 3. Characteristics of soil organic carbon mineralization under different treatments

生态系统	温度	水分	平均矿化速率AR	潜在矿化量C₀	累积矿化率C_min/SOC
农田	20 ℃	30%WHC	3.04±0.31Ca	204.16±30.34Ba	1.12±0.13Ba
		50%WHC	3.43±0.60Ba	229.34±46.16Ba	1.27±0.16Ba
		70%WHC	3.40±0.24Ca	269.05±59.06Ba	1.26±0.09Ca
	25 ℃	30%WHC	3.80±0.20Bb	219.03±15.16Bb	1.41±0.10ABa
		50%WHC	4.44±0.62Bab	256.90±13.34Bab	1.66±0.33Ba
		70%WHC	5.18±0.48Ba	288.69±21.08ABa	1.91±0.18Ba
	30 ℃	30%WHC	4.64±0.09Ab	374.92±46.99Aa	1.72±0.17Ab
		50%WHC	6.07±0.36Aa	561.71±72.55Aa	2.25±0.21Aa
		70%WHC	6.85±0.63Aa	488.87±81.21Aa	2.53±0.19Aa
均值			4.54±0.26	321.41±27.13	1.68±0.10
草地	20 ℃	30%WHC	6.93±0.26Cb	488.52±67.54Ba	2.56±0.19Bb
		50%WHC	8.66±0.49Ca	577.74±42.73Ba	3.20±0.22Bab
		70%WHC	9.11±0.10Ba	580.28±10.47Ba	3.37±0.17Ba
	25 ℃	30%WHC	9.19±0.93Ba	567.11±29.53Ba	3.39±0.34Ba
		50%WHC	10.21±0.29Ba	720.18±72.86Ba	3.78±0.27Ba
		70%WHC	9.39±0.13Ba	595.73±15.32Ba	3.47±0.17Ba
	30 ℃	30%WHC	14.72±0.08Ac	828.80±11.02Ab	5.45±0.33Aa
		50%WHC	15.74±0.10Aa	905.07±4.88Aa	5.82±0.32Aa
		70%WHC	15.07±0.05Ab	820.41±9.19Ab	5.57±0.31Aa
均值			11.00±0.61	675.98±29.03	4.07±0.24
灌丛	20 ℃	30%WHC	13.27±0.56Aa	1074.08±116.68Aa	1.67±0.16Aa
		50%WHC	15.78±1.57Aa	1275.01±256.52Aa	1.97±0.23Aa
		70%WHC	17.11±1.85Aa	1413.67±169.07Aa	2.13±0.23Aa
	25 ℃	30%WHC	15.25±1.90Aa	1110.93±167.05Aa	1.93±0.26Aa
		50%WHC	17.26±2.83Aa	1429.48±270.57Aa	2.15±0.33Aa
		70%WHC	18.50±2.92Aa	1401.46±286.60Aa	2.30±0.34Aa
	30 ℃	30%WHC	18.35±0.60Aa	1335.78±83.65Aa	2.30±0.15Aa
		50%WHC	17.38±0.90Aa	1313.22±97.34Aa	2.18±0.22Aa
		70%WHC	20.05±1.45Aa	1528.26±133.71Aa	2.50±0.16Aa
均值			17.01±0.62	1320.21±59.50	2.13±0.08
次生林	20 ℃	30%WHC	15.63±0.32Bc	956.67±31.90Cc	1.69±0.073Bb
		50%WHC	17.66±0.23Cb	1081.94±33.18Bb	1.91±0.09Bab
		70%WHC	19.53±0.32Ba	1149.84±33.95Ba	2.11±0.10Ba
	25 ℃	30%WHC	16.57±0.35Bb	1055.07±22.73Ba	1.79±0.08Bb
		50%WHC	19.85±0.70Ba	1191.75±56.02Ba	2.14±0.06ABa
		70%WHC	20.59±0.65Ba	1199.62±48.94Ba	2.22±0.07ABa
	30 ℃	30%WHC	21.07±0.41Ab	1185.32±19.25Ac	2.28±0.10Aa
		50%WHC	21.99±0.32Ab	1336.17±19.88Ab	2.38±0.11Aa
		70%WHC	24.11±0.28Aa	1433.41±19.97Aa	2.61±0.18Aa
均值			19.67±0.51	1176.64±28.20	2.12±0.06
原始林	20 ℃	30%WHC	16.57±0.58Bb	956.89±38.31Bb	2.24±0.07Bb
		50%WHC	17.47±0.40Bab	1012.09±32.05Aab	2.36±0.04Bb
		70%WHC	19.20±0.70Ba	1114.24±25.33Aa	2.59±0.07Ba
	25 ℃	30%WHC	18.25±0.58Bab	1105.23±64.51ABa	2.47±0.08Bb
		50%WHC	17.89±0.76Bb	1093.81±72.48Aa	2.42±0.08Bb
		70%WHC	20.31±0.66ABa	1278.82±42.98Aa	2.75±0.06Ba
	30 ℃	30%WHC	21.67±0.54Aa	1286.89±54.11Aa	2.93±0.04Aab
		50%WHC	20.19±0.56Aa	1181.00±53.52Aa	2.73±0.05Ab
		70%WHC	22.31±0.82Aa	1270.97±70.01Aa	3.02±0.08Aa
均值			19.32±0.40	1144.44±26.44	2.61±0.05
注：不同大写字母表示不同温度间差异显著，不同小写字母表示不同水分间差异显著。

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表 4 土壤有机碳累积矿化量与温度、水分的拟合方程

Table 4. Fitting equations for cumulative SOC mineralization as a function of temperature and moisture

生态系统	方程	R²
农田	Z=189.96−8.57T−2.16W+0.24TW−0.02T²+0.20W²	0.996
草地	Z=1751.70−171.50T+17.52W−0.24TW+4.39T²−0.10W²	0.995
灌丛	Z=−65.50+38.03T+6.59W−0.28TW+0.04T²−0.15W²	0.926
次生林	Z=1212.51−73.09T+10.72W−0.11TW−0.03T²+2.07W²	0.978
原始林	Z=1394.82−46.35T−6.94W−0.26TW+0.16T²+1.56W²	0.975
注：Z为土壤有机碳累积矿化量；T为温度；W为水分。

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表 5 土壤理化性质与土壤有机碳矿化特征的逐步回归分析

Table 5. Stepwise regression analysis of soil physicochemical properties and SOC mineralization characteristics

矿化特征	逐步回归方程	R²	重要性排序
C_min	C_min=−1464.350+0.280MBC+15.907NH$_4^{+}$+11.742${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$+29.741AP+2.945Ca²⁺+166.976pH	0.971	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$>NH$_4^{+}$>pH>AP>Ca²⁺>MBC
C₀	C₀=−2887.27+14.56SOC+12.53${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$+49.60AP+388.05pH	0.915	pH>SOC>AP>${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$
Q₁₀	Q₁₀=2.0786−0.0113SOC−0.0168${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$+0.0188AP	0.758	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$>SOC>AP

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