人类活动影响下亚热带岩溶河流水化学驱动机制与化学风化增强机制

王松; 刘凡; 侯涛; 周振钊; 李明; 王子博; 陈坚庆; 郭芳

doi:10.11932/karst2025y031

人类活动影响下亚热带岩溶河流水化学驱动机制与化学风化增强机制——以滃江流域为例

doi: 10.11932/karst2025y031

王松^1,,
刘凡^{2, 3, ,},
侯涛¹,
周振钊¹,
李明¹,
王子博¹,
陈坚庆¹,
郭芳^{2, 3}

1.
广东省水文环境地质调查中心, 广东广州 510000
2.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
3.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406

基金项目: 广东省水文环境地质调查中心科研项目（YRSF2024168）；广西自然科学基金项目（2023GXNSFBA026254）；国家自然科学基金项目（42302296)）；中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项经费（JKYZD202414）

详细信息

作者简介:
王松，女，1983年，高级工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向为水文地质。E-mail：164290173@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘凡，男，1988年，副研究员，硕士研究生，研究方向为水文地质。E-mail：liufancags@126.com。

中图分类号: P641
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- 文章访问数: 22
- HTML浏览量: 13
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-02
- 录用日期: 2025-12-08
- 修回日期: 2025-11-28
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-26

Hydrochemical Drivers and Enhanced Chemical Weathering Mechanisms of a Subtropical Karst River under Anthropogenic Influences: A Case Study of the Wengjiang River Basin

WANG Song^1
,,
LIU Fan^{2, 3
, ,},
HOU Tao¹,
ZHOU Zhenzhao¹,
LI Ming¹,
WANG Zibo¹,
CHEN Jianqing¹,
GUO Fang^{2, 3}

1.
Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨高强度人类活动干扰下河流的水化学驱动机制及化学风化增强机制，以珠江水系北江一级支流滃江流域为研究对象，综合运用水化学和同位素图解，以及离子比值等方法，分析人类活动对亚热带季风气候区岩溶河流水化学的影响，使用外源阳离子干扰条件下的离子来源解析方法，剖析人类活动对水文地球化学的响应特征和风化过程的驱动作用，并揭示对化学风化的增强机制。结果表明，枯水期地下水对河流的补给比例增大，水化学呈现蒸发浓缩效应；碳酸盐岩风化主导水化学离子组成，人类活动的贡献在枯水期显著增加；计算得出流域化学风化速率为78.7 t·km⁻²·a⁻¹，定量揭示硫酸的参与使风化速率提升了19.8%。本研究系统分析了高强度人类活动与地质背景、季节性水文变化之间的复杂协同作用，揭示了人类活动干扰下的流域水化学驱动机制和化学风化增强机制，为亚热带岩溶流域的地球化学循环提供科学参考。
- 水文地球化学 /
- 化学风化 /
- 亚热带岩溶流域 /
- 人类活动影响.
Abstract: This study systematically investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and chemical weathering processes within the Wengjiang River Basin, a primary tributary of the Beijiang River in the Pearl River system, under the combined influences of human activities and lithology. The research aims to elucidate the controlling mechanisms of ion sources and hydrochemical characteristics across wet and dry seasons, with a particular focus on the role of anthropogenic disturbances. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the hydrogeochemical dynamics in a subtropical karst basin under monsoon climate conditions by integrating hydrochemical, isotopic, and ion ratio diagrams.The Wengjiang River Basin exhibits significant seasonal hydrological variability due to the dominant subtropical monsoon climate. During the wet season, river water is primarily recharged by precipitation, which has more depleted isotopic signatures, resulting in rapid hydrological responses dominated by quickflow pathways. In contrast, dry season baseflow is mainly sustained by groundwater that has undergone substantial evaporative fractionation, as clearly indicated by lower d-excess values. This shift leads to distinct evaporative concentration effects in hydrochemical compositions during the dry season. Moreover, water regulation through reservoir operations and agricultural irrigation further reduces flow velocity and attenuates water circulation during low-flow periods. Lithology is identified as the primary factor controlling the spatial distribution of hydrochemical characteristics. Carbonate weathering dominates the ionic composition of the river water, with Ca-HCO₃ being the predominant water type. In areas where silicate rocks are distributed, the total dissolved solids (TDS) content is significantly lower, and the chemical composition is more influenced by precipitation inputs. Carbonate rock weathering remains the dominant source of major ions throughout the year, but anthropogenic contributions become substantially more prominent during the dry season.A key finding of this study is the quantification of the impact of anthoropegenic activities on chemical weathering rates. The calculated total chemical weathering rate for the Wengjiang Basin is 78.7 t·km⁻²·a⁻¹. Notably, the involvement of sulfuric acid enhances the carbonate weathering rate by approximately 19.8%. This underscores the role of anthropogenic factors as a significant geochemical agent that intensifies weathering processes. Anthropogenic activities, particularly mining operations that introduce exogenous acids, alter natural weathering pathways and modify ionic ratios, especially during the dry season when natural hydrological buffering capacity is reduced. The research demonstrates that the hydrogeochemical response in the Wengjiang Basin is a result of the synergistic interaction between natural lithological background, seasonal hydrological variations, and intensive anthropogenic activities. The study highlights that anthropogenic impacts can modify geochemical cycles and weathering mechanisms in vulnerable karst systems.In conclusion, this work provides a systematic analysis of the hydrochemical drivers and ionic sources in the Wengjiang Basin from three perspectives: lithological control, hydrological seasonality, and anthropogenic interference. The findings offer valuable scientific insights for water environmental protection and sustainable development in highly human-impacted basins. Furthermore, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of geochemical cycles in subtropical monsoonal basins with complex geological backgrounds, highlighting the necessity of incorporating anthropogenic influences into future hydrogeochemical models and management strategies.
- Hydrogeochemistry /
- Chemical weathering /
- Subtropical karst basin /
- Anthropogenic impact

HTML

图 1 研究区地质地貌和采样点分布图

Figure 1. Geological and topographic map of the study area and location of sampling points

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图 2 水样中主要离子浓度分布和异常值图

Figure 2. Bar chart and outliers of main ion concentrations in water samples

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图 3 丰枯季δD和δ¹⁸O同位素箱线图

Figure 3. Box-plot of δ²H and δ¹⁸O in water samples for different seasons

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图 4 丰枯季δ²H和δ¹⁸O散点图和氘盈余箱线图

Figure 4. Scatter plot and box-plot of δ²H, δ¹⁸O and d-excess for different seasons

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图 5 丰枯季干流和主要支流的Piper三线图

Figure 5. Piper diagrams of the main stream and major tributaries during the wet and dry seasons

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图 6 丰枯季干流和主要支流的Gibbs图

Figure 6. Gibbs diagrams of the main stream and major tributaries during the wet and dry seasons

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图 7 离子摩尔浓度组合比值散点图

Figure 7. Scatter plot of molar concentration ratios

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图 8 丰枯季离子浓度相关性热图

Figure 8. Heatmap of ion concentration correlations during the wet and dry seasons

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图 9 岩石风化化学计量图

Figure 9. The chemometry diagram of rock weathering

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图 10 丰枯季阳离子的4种来源和贡献率

Figure 10. Contributions of 4 sources to the cation concentrations in water samples for different seasons

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表 1 研究区水样的主要理化参数表

Table 1. The physicochemical parameters of water samples in study area

指标/单位	丰水期				枯水期
指标/单位	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
水温/℃	22.90	31.20	28.04	2.09	14.82	19.40	17.22	1.30
pH/无量纲	6.58	8.76	7.41	0.49	7.11	8.41	7.73	0.33
EC/μS·cm⁻¹	80.2	336.2	162.9	64.1	102.8	391.7	232.1	80.4
K⁺/mmol·L⁻¹	0.023	0.094	0.058	0.019	0.023	0.129	0.082	0.032
Na⁺/mmol·L⁻¹	0.042	0.420	0.147	0.088	0.040	1.164	0.286	0.310
Ca²⁺/mmol·L⁻¹	0.187	1.269	0.556	0.289	0.213	1.343	0.724	0.339
Mg²⁺/mmol·L⁻¹	0.044	0.285	0.103	0.054	0.058	0.318	0.144	0.067
Cl⁻/mmol·L⁻¹	0.037	0.194	0.076	0.036	0.045	0.357	0.123	0.089
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$/mmol·L⁻¹	0.050	0.946	0.190	0.195	0.078	0.811	0.240	0.179
${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$/mmol·L⁻¹	0.138	2.133	0.972	0.601	0.106	2.822	1.400	0.751
${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$/mmol·L⁻¹	0.004	0.396	0.123	0.144	未检出	0.642	0.116	0.168
Si/mmol·L⁻¹	0.084	0.374	0.232	0.094	0.123	0.371	0.239	0.086
SI_c (无量纲)	−2.78	0.64	−1.01	0.96	−2.34	0.49	−0.54	0.75

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