高密度电法在莱芜岩溶地面塌陷区的应用与效果

孙虹洁; 王志辉; 赵振华; 罗振江

doi:10.11932/karst20250609

高密度电法在莱芜岩溶地面塌陷区的应用与效果

doi: 10.11932/karst20250609

孙虹洁^{1, 2,},
王志辉³,
赵振华^{1, 2, ,},
罗振江^{1, 2}

1.
山东省地矿工程勘察院（山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队）, 山东济南 250014
2.
山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 山东济南 250014
3.
中国地质科学院, 北京 100037

基金项目: 济南市政府采购招标项目[JNCZ(BDS)-GK-2020-0107]；山东省地矿工程勘察院科技创新团队项目（2023JBGS801-4）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙虹洁（1993－），女，高级工程师，从事水工环地质工作。E-mail：sunhongjie214@163.com

通讯作者:
赵振华（1982－），男，正高级工程师，从事水工环地质工作。E-mail：16607713@qq.com。

中图分类号: P631.3；P642.26
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- 文章访问数: 5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-29
- 录用日期: 2025-11-28
- 修回日期: 2024-11-28
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-25

Application and effectiveness of high-density electrical method in the karst ground subsidence zone of Laiwu

SUN Hongjie^{1, 2
,},
WANG Zhihui³,
ZHAO Zhenhua^{1, 2
, ,},
LUO Zhenjiang^{1, 2}

1.
Shandong Provincial Geo-mineral Engineering Exploration Institute(801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources), Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
2.
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
3.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

摘要

摘要: 文章采用施伦贝格装置布设测网，对山东莱芜集中性地面塌陷区域勘查所采集的数据利用RES2Dmod构建岩溶地电模型进行了数值模拟，推测出数条断裂构造带并圈定了二维和三维结果中的岩溶低阻异常区及充填物情况，对隐伏岩溶及充填物的探测效果较好。通过钻探揭露，验证了高密度电阻率法具有对异常响应明显、精度高、准确性好的特点，其施伦贝格装置具有较好的垂向和水平分辨率，这对于岩溶发育区的潜在地面塌陷探测、预测具有较好的应用价值。
- 高密度电阻率法 /
- 岩溶地面塌陷 /
- 施伦贝格装置 /
- 正反演 /
- 探测预测
Abstract: Frequent karst subsidence in China’s carbonate regions poses a significant geological hazard that requires urgent attention. This issue often arises from excessive groundwater extraction for domestic, irrigation, industrial, and mining purposes, inducing declining water levels and sharp fluctuations that exacerbate of karst subsidence. The resultant risks include severe safety concerns and substantial property damage for residents in affected areas, posing a serious threat to personal safety and infrastructure development. Since the 1970s, karst collapse incidents have been frequent in Laiwu District, Jinan City, causing significant risks and property damage to nearby inhabitants. Therefore, focusing on Laiwu as the research area is crucial for conducting surveys of karst subsidence regions using physical exploration methods and establishing a comprehensive karst geological database. This database is instrumental in identifying vulnerable areas prone to karst subsidence and developing effective preventative and control measures. Given the higher prevalence of karst collapse risks near fracture tectonic zones, a detailed understanding of karst development features beneath known collapse areas and within fracture zones is essential for a comprehensive assessment of karst collapse characteristics.Located in the central mountainous region of Shandong Province, Laiwu is surrounded by mountains, with a broader expanse of terrain in the west, presenting a basin-like tilt from east to west. Geologically, the area can be categorized into four types: erosion-tectonic middle mountainous areas, erosion-tectonic low mountainous zones, erosion-tectonic hilly regions, and intermontane plains. The surface-exposed strata and borehole data in and around the study area predominantly consist of Paleozoic Cambrian, middle and lower Ordovician, Carboniferous, Permian, Mesozoic upper Jurassic, Cenozoic Paleocene, and Quaternary formations. The study zone is delineated into northern and southern sections. The northern section encompasses the Dawangzhuang–Zhailizhen area, while the southern section extends from Mengjiazhuang village in the east to Xiquanhe village in the south, and from Xiquanhe village in the west to Menggongqing village in the north. Topographically, the study site features a northward-protruding semicircular basin with gentle slopes descending from east to west, characterized by mild gradients in the south and steeper inclines in the north. The terrain inclines northward, eastward, and southward, converging toward the basin’s center to form a horseshoe shape that opens westward, bisected by the east-west course of the Dawenhe River running through the central basin. The local climate is classified as a mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, exhibiting distinct seasonal changes with cool springs and autumns, cold winters, and hot summers. Significant variations in annual rainfall and its regional distribution are observed, with higher precipitation recorded in the southeast and northwest. The primary rivers in the study area include the Mouwenhe River and the Zhailihe River, along with the Fangxiahe River, the Simahe River (a tributary of the Mouwenhe River), and the Zhifenghe River (a tributary of the Zhailighe River). These tributaries exhibit seasonal flow patterns and short courses, experiencing rapid water level fluctuations during rainy periods and reduced flow or potential drying during dry spells. This investigation aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three geophysical exploration methods-the geo-radar, shallow seismic, and high-density resistivity-in the Laiwu karst collapse area. The main findings are summarized as follows, (1) The Schlumberger device exhibits a strong performance across four models, boasting exceptional horizontal and vertical resolution and effectively delineating the location, shape, and size of target bodies. Therefore, in the vicinity of concentrated ground collapse in Laiwu, Shandong Province, we deployed a network of Schlumberger devices for measurements, utilized RES2Dmod for data modeling, and conducted numerical simulations. (2) Several fracture tectonic zones were identified, along with karst regions characterized by low-resistance anomalies and various filling conditions. Both 2D and 3D results highlighted the method’s effectiveness, particularly in detecting hidden karst formations and infill materials, thereby providing a foundational and comparative framework for engineering case analyses. (3) Multiple fracture configurations were revealed through drilling, including those intersected by all measurement lines, confirming the robustness of the high-density resistivity method in detecting such structures. This method demonstrates distinct anomaly response characteristics, delivering high precision and accuracy. (4) The Schlumberger device’s excellent vertical and horizontal resolution offers significant practical value for detecting and predicting potential ground collapses in karst development regions. Rigorous verification through joint borehole assessments enhances the study’s credibility, indicating that the subsidence may result from diagonal erosion-induced migration of sand and soil particles from overlying layers into adjacent karst conduits or voids, ultimately leading to collapse pit formation. In conclusion, this study offers the following recommendations, (A) In karst collapse-prone areas, regular inspections are advised to detect subsurface voids beneath roadways. (B) Expanding the scope of gravity and magnetic surveys is encouraged to better characterize the distribution of fracture tectonics across the area.
- high-density resistivity method /
- karst ground subsidence /
- Schlemberg device /
- forward and inverse /
- detection and prediction

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图 1 山东莱芜岩溶地面塌陷区分布及研究区位置图

Figure 1. Distribution of karst collapses and location of the study area

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图 2 岩溶发育厚度饼状图

Figure 2. Pie chart of karst development thickness

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图 3 北研究区测线布置图

Figure 3. Layout of survey lines in the northern study area

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图 4 南研究区测线布置图

Figure 4. Layout of survey lines in the southern study area

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图 5 3号测线反演断面图

Figure 5. Inversion cross-section of Line 3

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图 6 3号剖面解释图

Figure 6. Interpretation of Profile 3

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图 7 6号测线反演断面图

Figure 7. Inversion cross-section of Line 6

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图 8 6号剖面解释图

Figure 8. Interpretation of Profile 6

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图 9 三维高密度电阻率法反演数据体可视化图

Figure 9. Visualisation of the inversion data body for the 3D high-density resistivity method

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图 10 三维高密度电阻率反演成果低阻分布图

Figure 10. Low resistance distribution of the results for 3D high-density resistivity inversion

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图 11 ZK01钻孔柱状图

Figure 11. Histogram of Drill Hole ZK01

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