广西岩溶区石漠化演变及其对土地利用变化的响应

朱德根; 杨慧; 赵虎; 史绍亮; 吴秀芹; MitjaPrelovšek; NatašaRavbar

doi:10.11932/karst2024y042

广西岩溶区石漠化演变及其对土地利用变化的响应

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y042

朱德根^{1, 2, 3,},
杨慧^{1, 2, 3, ,},
赵虎⁴,
史绍亮⁵,
吴秀芹⁶,
MitjaPrelovšek⁷,
NatašaRavbar⁷

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
2.
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
3.
广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 广西平果 531406
4.
国家地质实验测试中心自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室, 北京 100037
5.
广西科技开发院有限公司, 广西南宁 530012
6.
北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
7.
斯洛文尼亚科学与艺术院研究中心喀斯特研究所, 波斯托尼亚 SI-6230

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目(42361144885)；广西重点研发计划项目（桂科 AB22035004）；自然资源科技战略研究项目（2023-ZL-23）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱德根（1999－），男，博士研究生，主要从事岩溶碳循环研究。E-mail：zhudegen21@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
杨慧（1981－），女，博士，研究员，主要从事岩溶区生物地球化学研究。E-mail：karstyanghui@163.com。

中图分类号: F301.24；X171.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-07
- 录用日期: 2025-11-18
- 修回日期: 2024-06-06
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-13
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-25

Evolution of rocky desertification and its response to land use changes in the karst areas of Guangxi

ZHU Degen^{1, 2, 3
,},
YANG Hui^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
ZHAO Hu⁴,
SHI Shaoliang⁵,
WU Xiuqin⁶,
Mitja Prelovšek⁷,
Nataša Ravbar⁷

1.
Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR＆GZAR, Guilin,Guangxi 541004, China
2.
International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO/National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resource, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China
5.
Guangxi Institute of Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi 530012, China
6.
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
7.
Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Art, Karst Research Institute, Titov trg 2, 6230 Postojna, Slovenia

摘要

摘要: 文章基于广西2001年、2006年、2011年、2016年以及2020年的Landsat数据和土地利用数据，运用GIS方法构建石漠化转移矩阵、土地利用转移矩阵以及两者的交互矩阵，以分析土地利用类型变化对石漠化等级的影响，并通过引入生境质量变化指数与贡献指数评价土地利用转变对石漠化变化的影响。结果表明：（1）广西岩溶区石漠化与土地利用演变趋势均为动态改善趋势，石漠化在空间上呈现出“西重东轻、南重北轻”的特点，与耕地的“东西增、南北减”和林地的“东西减、南北增”的特点在空间分布上具有一定相关性；（2）研究区重度石漠化地区的草地转变为林地对石漠化的改善最为显著；中度和轻度石漠化地区的耕地转变为林地同样显示出显著的改善效果；潜在石漠化地区的灌丛转变为林地对石漠化的改善效果最大；（3）植被恢复是石漠化治理中的主要驱动力，研究区耕地转变为林地对石漠化治理的成效贡献最大，生境质量贡献指数为1.196；灌丛转变为林地、林地转变为灌丛的贡献分别排第二和第三，生境质量贡献指数分别为0.328和0.095；而贡献最小的3种土地转变类型均为其他土地利用类型转变为草地类型，耕地、林地及灌丛转变为草地，对应的生境质量贡献指数值分别为−0.0035、−0.0032以及−0.0006。
- 岩溶区 /
- 土地利用转换 /
- 石漠化综合治理 /
- 植被恢复 /
- 生境质量贡献指数 /
- 生态恢复技术
Abstract: This study focuses on the karst areas of Guangxi, Southwest China, which cover an area of 9.87×10⁴km² (accounting for 41% of Guangxi's total land area) and feature a subtropical monsoon climate, complete karst landforms (dominated by peak cluster depressions, peak forests, and peak cluster valleys), and a fragile ecological environment with thin soil layers (mostly less than 30 cm) and severe rocky desertification.The study aims to quantitatively analyze the impact of land use change on rocky desertification in the Guangxi karst area, resolve the lack of quantitative assessment of such impacts in previous studies, and provide a scientific basis for rocky desertification control and ecological restoration.Based on Landsat data and land use data of Guangxi from 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2020, GIS methods were used to construct a rocky desertification transfer matrix, a land use transfer matrix, and their interaction matrix. Additionally, the Habitat Quality Change Index (CI) and Habitat Quality Contribution Index (HQCI) were introduced to evaluate the effect of land use conversion on rocky desertification. Rocky desertification was classified into five grades using the NDVI-based vegetation coverage method, and the accuracy verification was conducted with 92 field survey points.The results showed that: (1) Both rocky desertification and land use in the study area showed a dynamic improvement trend. Spatially, rocky desertification presented the characteristics of "severe in the west and mild in the east, severe in the south and mild in the north", which was correlated with the spatial distribution of cropland ("increase in the east-west and decrease in the north-south") and forestland ("decrease in the east-west and increase in the north-south"). (2) Different land use conversions had distinct effects on different rocky desertification grades: grassland conversion to forestland had the most significant improvement effect on severe rocky desertification, cropland conversion to forestland was effective for moderate and mild rocky desertification, and shrubland conversion to forestland worked best for potential rocky desertification. (3) Vegetation restoration was the main driving force for rocky desertification control. According to HQCI, cropland conversion to forestland contributed the most (HQCI = 1.196), followed by shrubland to forestland (HQCI = 0.328) and forestland to shrubland (HQCI = 0.095); conversions of other land use types to grassland had negative contributions.In conclusion, land use change has a significant impact on rocky desertification evolution in the Guangxi karst area. Targeted land use adjustment (e.g., converting cropland, grassland, and shrubland to forestland based on rocky desertification grades) can effectively promote rocky desertification improvement. Future study should further explore the application effects of different ecological restoration technologies to optimize rocky desertification control strategies.
- karst area /
- land use conversion /
- comprehensive management of rocky desertification /
- vegetation restoration /
- Habitat Quality Contribution Index /
- ecological restoration technology

HTML

图 1 广西岩溶区分布示意图

Figure 1. Distribution diagram of karst areas in Guangxi

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 各等级石漠化野外样本点分布图

Figure 2. Distribution of field sampling sites across rocky desertification grades

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 石漠化分布时空变化图

Figure 3. Spatio-temporal changes maps of rocky desertification distribution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 土地利用类型分布和时空变化

Figure 4. Distribution and spatio-temporal changes of land-use types

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 土地利用变化对石漠化变化矩阵

(NRD,无石漠化；PRD,潜在石漠化；LRD,轻度石漠化；MRD,中度石漠化；SRD,重度石漠化)

Figure 5. Matrix of land use change on rocky desertification change

(NRD, no rocky desertification; PRD, potential rocky desertification; LRD, light rocky desertification; MRD, moderate rocky desertification; SRD, severe rocky desertification)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2001−2020年土地利用类型转变的生境质量变化指数分布图

Figure 6. Distribution map of Habitat Quality Change Index for land-use types conversion from 2001 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 2001−2020年土地利用类型转变对石漠化治理的生境质量贡献指数分布图

Figure 7. Distribution map of Habitat Quality Contribution Index of land-use types conversion to rocky desertification control from 2001 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 土地利用变化与石漠化变化的相关性

Figure 8. Correlation between land-use change and rocky desertification change

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图 9 土地利用变化对石漠化演变的影响机理

Figure 9. Mechanisms of how land-use change drives the evolution of rocky desertification

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各等级石漠化精度评价

Table 1. Evaluation of the accuracy across rocky desertification grades

	无	轻度	中度	重度	用户精度/%	制图精度/%
无	15	3	3	2	88.24	65.22
轻度	0	28	1	4	68.29	84.85
中度	2	9	15	0	75.00	57.69
重度	0	1	1	8	57.14	80.00
总体分类精度/%	71.94

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2001−2020广西岩溶区石漠化面积变化（km²）

Table 2. Change in the area of rocky desertification in karst region of Guangxi from 2001 to 2020(km²)

年份	2001	2006	2011	2016	2020
重度石漠化	8694.88	8861.00	7316.78	6373.49	5531.62
中度石漠化	7022.62	6485.46	6444.77	3679.51	2793.55
轻度石漠化	12302.27	11084.12	11812.72	6526.51	5879.63
潜在石漠化	30133.63	27750.74	26345.20	20804.76	18487.43
无石漠化	39702.43	44166.67	46181.42	60517.21	65163.27
石漠化总面积	28019.77	26430.58	25574.27	16579.51	14204.80

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 2001−2020广西岩溶区土地利用面积变化（km²）

Table 3. Changes in the area of land-use types in karst region of Guangxi from 2001 to 2020(km²)

年份	2001	2006	2011	2016	2020
耕地	27753.39	29842.33	28632.73	27707.86	27387.56
林地	56558.60	54378.13	55665.92	56913.09	57206.02
灌丛	5256.79	5265.11	4980.75	4494.01	4496.39
草地	171.88	130.70	111.93	93.92	77.91

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 广西2001—2020年不同土地利用类型中的石漠化分布变化

Table 4. Changes in the distribution of rocky desertification in different land uses types of Guangxi from 2001 to 2020

年份	土地利用类型	石漠化总面积/km²	石漠化总发生比/%	重度石漠化/%	中度石漠化/%	轻度石漠化/%	潜在石漠化/%	无石漠化/%
2001	耕地	14792.18	53.65	22.59	13.12	17.93	28.42	17.92
	林地	8231.83	14.59	2.42	3.54	8.63	31.54	53.87
	灌丛	2283.08	43.45	9.42	12.56	21.47	38.55	17.99
	草地	147.74	86.99	61.06	13.53	12.39	9.82	3.19
2006	耕地	14397.75	48.56	20.17	11.69	16.70	30.55	20.89
	林地	7347.35	13.55	2.86	3.32	7.37	26.30	60.16
	灌丛	1728.25	32.85	7.89	8.91	16.05	36.78	30.37
	草地	116.66	90.46	71.78	10.11	8.56	7.39	2.15
2011	耕地	15502.38	54.53	19.29	13.99	21.24	30.24	15.23
	林地	5722.95	10.31	1.45	2.36	6.50	24.46	65.23
	灌丛	1530.16	30.75	4.74	8.56	17.45	35.63	33.62
	草地	100.78	91.66	69.07	12.33	10.26	6.93	1.41
2016	耕地	11676.05	42.49	18.54	9.34	14.61	32.45	25.06
	林地	2094.70	3.69	0.81	0.78	2.11	14.32	81.99
	灌丛	870.40	19.39	3.10	5.02	11.27	34.91	45.70
	草地	78.22	84.90	60.90	12.36	11.63	10.78	4.32
2020	耕地	9979.70	36.75	16.04	7.16	13.54	31.95	31.30
	林地	1897.40	3.33	0.81	0.64	1.87	11.09	85.58
	灌丛	651.82	14.52	2.15	3.15	9.22	31.55	53.92
	草地	65.08	85.18	68.02	7.34	9.83	10.38	4.44

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