三维高密度电法对岩(土)层界面及岩溶塌陷的响应研究

张建太; 宗传攀; 李付全; 程龙; 焦永鑫; 胡自远; 袁丽伟; 张来成

doi:10.11932/karst2024y039

三维高密度电法对岩(土)层界面及岩溶塌陷的响应研究

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y039

山东省第七地质矿产勘查院, 山东临沂 276006

基金项目: 临沂市城市地质调查项目（SDGP371300202102000468）

详细信息

作者简介:
张建太（1983－），男，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事地球物理勘探研究。E-mail：jiantai26@126.com

通讯作者:
宗传攀（1988－），男，工程师，学士，主要从事地球物理勘探研究。E-mail：zongchuanpan@163.com。

中图分类号: P631.3；P642.25
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- 文章访问数: 40
- HTML浏览量: 6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-11
- 录用日期: 2024-02-18
- 修回日期: 2024-01-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Response of 3D high-density electrical method to the interface of rock (soil) layer and karst collapse

NO.7 Institute of Geology & Mineral Exploration of Shandong Province, Linyi, Shandong 276006, China

摘要

摘要: 在岩溶发育区开展三维高密度电阻率法勘察，建立理想的地电模型，并对已完成的三维高密度电法区开展数值模拟。采用有限差分和阻尼最小二乘法进行正、反演计算，分析其电场响应特征，并选择部分工程勘察孔进行验证，并反复推演，提升模拟成果准确度。将回填土与基岩界面、岩溶以三维方式表达。结果表明：采用数值模拟计算在物性差异明显情况下，高密度电法对界面、岩溶的刻画详细；三维高密度电法包含大量地电信息，反演结果三维可视化更加直观，为下一步工程建设提供了依据。
- 三维高密度 /
- 岩溶塌陷 /
- 响应特征 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: Karst ground collapse occurs frequently in karst areas in China, which can easily lead to a series of hazards such as road deformation, house destruction and pipeline rupture. Karst collapse is uncertain, hidden and sudden, which poses a great threat to people's lives and property. Moreover, karst collapse is potential to facilitate the connection between surface water and groundwater, which may lead to the intermingling of these two water sources and subsequently contribute to groundwater contamination. Therefore, karst survey is of great significance to urban planning and disaster prevention and reduction. However, within the complex urban environment, accurately depicting karst morphology presents a significant challenge for geophysical exploration. Linyi City of Shandong Province, located in the west of the Tanlu Fault Zone, is one of the important temperate areas of karst development in the world. This city is especially characterized by soluble carbonate strata of Cambrian system and Ordovician system. The survey area is located in the monoclinic hydrogeological unit of Linyi, where karst fissure water is developed. In the past, the disorderly exploitation of groundwater led to frequent flowing of groundwater and many occurrences of karst collapse. In this study, we carried out 3D high-density electrical surveys in the study area, and laid 14 lines for high-density electrical survey at intervals of 12 m between each measuring line and 2 m between each measuring point. We also adopted the Wenner device, setting 25 as the maximum isolation coefficient. In this study, we firstly analyzed the physical properties of rocks in the study area, the results of which provided a physical basis for us to utilize the high-density electrical method for dividing stratigraphic boundaries and detecting karst. Subsequently, we established a geoelectric model and a 3D geoelectric structure of the study area to analyze the response characteristics of 3D high-density electrical method. Afterward, we selected some engineering exploration holes for verification and repeated deduction to improve the accuracy of simulation results. Taking P10 section as an example, we drilled holes at Point 127 for verification. According to geological records, a karst cave with a thickness of 4.1 m was found at the position of 24–28.1 m, which was basically consistent with the predicted results.The results show as follows. (1) Based on the combination of forward and backward numerical simulation, the inversion results are believed to be reliable. (2) The 3D high-density resistivity method can provide a substantial amount of data and rich geoelectric information. It clearly reflects the interface between Quaternary strata and limestone, and offers an intuitive visualization of karst caves, making it highly effective in engineering site selection. (3) The analysis indicates that the karst drawdown funnel in Linyi City shifted from Lihang–Hougangtou in 2003 to Qijiazhuang village in 2007, during which karst collapse occurred frequently. Since 2012 after the nearby karst groundwater well that was overly exploited was closed, no karst collapse has occurred again. However, the early karst development left behind some caves, so thorough surveying should be conducted during urban construction. In conclusion, in cases where there are significant differences in physical properties, the high-density resistivity method can effectively characterize the interface and karst features in detail. It can also encompass extensive geoelectric information. Moreover, the 3D visualization of inversion results can enhance the clarity of the findings. This approach provides a solid foundation for subsequent engineering construction.
- 3D high density /
- karst collapse /
- response characteristics /
- numerical simulation

HTML

图 1 临沂市城西岩溶水降落漏斗(2003年6月)(据^[25])

Figure 1. Karst water drawdown funnel in the west of Linyi City (June, 2003)(Liqingchun et al., 2005^[25])

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 选址区三维高密度电法测点布置图

Figure 2. Layout of survey points for 3D high-density electrical method in the study area

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图 3 地电模型及正反演电阻率断面图

Figure 3. Cross sections of geoelectric model and forward and backward resistivity

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图 4 选址区三维高密度电法视电阻率三维切片图

Figure 4. 3D slice diagram of apparent resistivity of 3D high-density electrical method in the study area

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图 5 P10剖面反演电阻率断面图

Figure 5. Cross section of inversion resistivity of P10 profile

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图 6 高密度电法对界面和岩溶的响应

Figure 6. Response of high-density electrical method to interface and karst

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图 7 高密度电法推测界面响应的三维图

Figure 7. 3D diagram of interface response inferred by high-density electrical method

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图 8 高密度电法推测岩溶(灰白色区域)响应三维图

Figure 8. 3D diagram of karst (gray-white area) response inferred by high-density electrical method

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图 9 齐家庄村1991－2021年6月份地下水位曲线图

Figure 9. Curves of groundwater levels in Qijiazhuang village from 1991 to June 2021.

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表 1 区内岩、土层电性统计表

Table 1. Electrical properties of rocks and soil layers in the study area

地质代号	岩性	电阻率ρ/Ω·m
地质代号	岩性	平均值	变化范围
Q	回填土	25	15~100
Q	临沂组黏土、砂土	17	10~50
Om^t	马家沟组土峪段灰岩、白云岩	1 000	150~3 370
	含水、含泥溶洞	＜50
	未充填的溶洞	＞3 000

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 推测溶洞位置

Table 2. Inferred location of the karst cave

线号	点位	顶部距地表距离/m	底部距地表距离/m	线号	点位	顶部距地表距离/m	底部距地表距离/m	线号	点位	顶部距地表距离/m	底部距地表距离/m
P1	143	−20	−27	P5	130	−42	−48	P10	131	−28	−48
P1	145	−20	−27	P5	132	−42	−48	P10	133	−28	−48
P1	147	−20	−27	P6	123	−25	−48	P10	134	−28	−48
P1	149	−20	−27	P6	125	−25	−48	P11	125	−28	−48
P1	151	−20	−27	P6	127	−25	−48	P11	127	−28	−48
P1	154	−20	−27	P6	129	−25	−48	P11	129	−28	−48
P2	126	−24	−48	P7	126	−26	−48	P11	131	−28	−48
P2	128	−24	−48	P7	128	−26	−48	P11	133	−28	−48
P2	130	−24	−48	P7	130	−26	−48	P11	135	−28	−48
P2	132	−24	−48	P7	132	−26	−48	P12	124	−25	−48
P3	126	−24	−48	P8	130	−25	−48	P12	126	−25	−48
P3	128	−24	−48	P8	132	−25	−48	P12	128	−25	−48
P3	130	−24	−48	P8	134	−25	−48	P12	130	−25	−48
P3	132	−24	−48	P8	136	−25	−48	P12	132	−25	−48
P4	126	−36	−48	P9	127	−28	−48	P12	134	−25	−48
P4	128	−36	−48	P9	129	−28	−48	P12	136	−25	−48
P4	130	−36	−48	P9	131	−28	−48	P12	137	−25	−48
P4	132	−36	−48	P9	133	−28	−48	P14	144	−22	−48
P4	133	−36	−48	P10	125	−28	−48	P14	146	−22	−48
P5	126	−42	−48	P10	127	−28	−48	P14	148	−22	−48
P5	128	−42	−48	P10	129	−28	−48	P14	150	−22	−48

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