云南省一把伞水库主封堵区岩溶渗漏条件与管道特征分析

宋晨; 潘晓东; 刘天云; 罗飞; 曾洁; 彭聪; 程瑞瑞; 张文平

doi:10.11932/karst2024y033

云南省一把伞水库主封堵区岩溶渗漏条件与管道特征分析

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y033

宋晨^{1, 2,},
潘晓东^{1, 2, ,},
刘天云³,
罗飞^{1, 2},
曾洁^{1, 2},
彭聪^{1, 2},
程瑞瑞^{1, 2},
张文平^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
2.
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心, 广西桂林 541004
3.
文山壮族苗族自治州水利电力勘察设计院, 云南文山 663000

基金项目: 广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB21196026）；中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目（2022005）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目“重点岩溶区及珠江流域水文地质与水资源调查监测”DD20221758）

详细信息

作者简介:
宋晨（1997－），男，硕士，研究实习员，主要从事岩溶水文地质研究。E-mail：chens_feng@163.com

通讯作者:
潘晓东（1984－），男，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事岩溶水文地质、环境地质研究。E-mail：524592964@qq.com。

中图分类号: TV697.32
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-01
- 录用日期: 2024-01-09
- 修回日期: 2023-11-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-25

Analysis of karst leakage conditions and pipeline characteristics in the main blocked area of Yibasan reservoir, Yunnan

SONG Chen^{1, 2
,},
PAN Xiaodong^{1, 2
, ,},
LIU Tianyun³,
LUO Fei^{1, 2},
ZENG Jie^{1, 2},
PENG Cong^{1, 2},
CHENG Ruirui^{1, 2},
ZHANG Wenping^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
2.
International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
Institute of Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design, Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China

摘要

摘要: 水库渗漏是岩溶地区兴建水利枢纽关键的病害问题之一，以一把伞水库主封堵区为例，水文地质调查、地下水位动态监测、地球物理探测和钻探相互验证，分析主封堵区水文地质条件，识别岩溶渗漏管道位置及发育特征。结果表明：主封堵区岩溶渗漏带发育于泥盆系东岗岭组（D₂d）较纯碳酸盐岩，SW至NE向压扭性断层构成南北隔水边界，东西两侧为透水地层，上游地下河至主封堵区汇流后又迅速分为南东、北东支流。岩溶渗漏带包括主管道以及北支管道，渗漏管道发育位置受断层作用控制显著。研究揭示了岩溶渗漏的季节变化规律，提出了主管道与北支管道的渗漏条件，并分析了渗漏管道分布特征、规模及充填性质，为一把伞水库主封堵区渗漏防范提供科学依据，并为岩溶地区类似渗漏病害问题的治理提供借鉴意义。
- 岩溶渗漏 /
- 管道特征 /
- 地球物理探测 /
- 断层构造 /
- 一把伞水库
Abstract: Reservoir leakage is a significant challenge in the construction of water conservancy projects in karst areas. Yibasan reservoir is a key water source project planned for Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan Province. It is a storage reservoir composed of 11 surface seasonal karst lakes, underground river pipelines, karst caves and fissures. The proposed storage capacity is nearly 90 million m³. The main blocked area is planned to be built at the concentrated distribution line of large depressions. Many large depressions are located in the upper reaches, while the height differences in the lower reaches are relatively gentle, with an overall arc length of nearly 800 m. The project is planned to be constructed with the use curtain grouting, flood discharge tunnel and other methods, with a total storage capacity of 11,412,600 m³. The presence of leakage zones in the main blocked area and their characteristics are critical to the success of sealing process. Taking the main blocked area of Yibasan reservoir as an example, the hydrogeological survey, dynamic monitoring of groundwater levels, and geophysical exploration and drilling have been employed in conjunction to analyze the hydrogeological conditions in the main blocked area and to identify the location and development characteristics of karst leakage.The results show that the karst leakage zone in the main blocked area is developed in the pure carbonate rocks of the Devonian Donggangling Formation (D₂d). The lithology consists of thick layers of silty crystalline limestone, dolomitic limestone interbedded with thin layers of marl, and muddy limestone. The south-north water boundary is formed by the SW to NE compression and torsional reverse fault, Water permeable strata are located on both sides of east and west. After the confluence of the upper reaches of the underground river to the main blocked area, the river rapidly divides into southeast and northeast tributaries. The F6 water-guiding fault in the direction of NW to SE crosses the main blocked area and opens the F4 and F5 fault planes. The width of the fault influence is 80 meters, which provides the structural conditions necessary for the formation of karst leakage zone. This karst leakage zone encompasses both the main pipeline and the north branch pipeline, with the development location of the leakage pipeline being significantly controlled by faulting. The study revealed the seasonal variation of karst leakage, proposed the leakage conditions of the main pipeline and the northern branch pipeline, and analyzed the distribution characteristics, scale and filling properties of the leakage pipeline. Through the analysis of groundwater level and monitoring of groundwater flow, it has been observed that when the groundwater level in the reservoir area exceeds 1,330 meters, leakage occurs from the main pipeline to the northern branch pipeline. In the dry season, groundwater is mostly discharged downstream through independent pipelines. In contrast, during the wet season, about 1/3 to 1/2 of groundwater is discharged into the northern branch. Hydrogeological analysis, monitoring of groundwater dynamics, and results of geophysical exploration and drilling show that the development scale of the leakage zone of the main pipeline is larger than that of the northern branch pipeline. The drilling results also show that filling or exposed karst caves can be seen on the surface of the drilled core near the main pipeline and the northern branch pipeline, and there is an obvious "blowing phenomenon" after the formation of holes. There is no sediment filling in the karst cave with the northern branch pipeline above 40 m; however, there is an increase in sediment filling in the karst cave below this depth. Similarly, there is no sediment filling in the karst cave with the main pipeline above 50 m, while there is a notable increase in sediment filling in the karst cave below this depth. This suggests that the development depth of the underground river is below 40 m, and the drilling results are consistent with the geophysical findings. The karst leakage zone of the main pipeline exhibits a large leakage scale, characterized by a development width of about 30 m, a depth of about 120 m, and an elevation of about 1,290 m. The development location is identified between 940 m and 960 m along the first survey line and at the ZK08 borehole. In contrast, the karst leakage zone of the northern branch pipeline is smaller in scale, with its development situated along the second survey line at 785 m to 795 m, as well as at ZK04 and ZK05 boreholes. This zone has a development width of about 10 m, a depth of about 100 m, and an elevation of about 1,320 m. This study establishes a scientific basis for leakage prevention in the main blocked area of Yibasan reservoir, and offers a reference for the treatment of similar leakage issues in karst areas.
- karst leakage /
- pipeline characteristics /
- geophysical exploration /
- fault structure /
- Yibasan reservoir

HTML

图 1 （a、b）一把伞水库区域位置图，（c）一把伞水库水文地质图

Figure 1. Regional location of Yibasan reservoir (a, b)，Hydrogeological map of Yibasan reservoir (c)

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1 (a) 一把伞水库地貌特征，(b) 水库附近出露灰岩，(c) 水库附近落水洞，(d) F3沿线断层面紧闭， (e) F7断层沿线发育紧闭裂隙，(f) F5断层影响宽度达80 m

1. (a) geomorphic features of Yibasan reservoir, (b) exposed limestone near the reservoir, (c) sinkhole near the reservoir, (d) the tightly closed plane along the F3 fault; e. closed fissures developed along the F7 fault; f. 80-meter-wide influence of F5 fault

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图 2 钻孔及地球物理探测分布图

Figure 2. Distribution of boreholes and geophysical exploration

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图 3 一把伞水库主封堵区水文地质图

Figure 3. Hydrogeological map in the main blocked area of Yibasan reservoir

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图 4 研究区水位观测变化图

Figure 4. Variations of water levels in the study area

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图 5 北支管道与主管道地下水位关系图

Figure 5. Relationship of groundwater levels between northern branch pipeline and the main pipeline

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图 6 地球物理探测结果图（(a)、(b)为大功率充电法1、2号测线；(c)、(d)为音频大地电磁法1、2号测线）

Figure 6. Results of geophysical exploration ((a) and (b): No.1 and No.2 measuring lines for high power charging method; (c) and (d): No.1 and No.2 measuring lines for acoustic magnetotelluric method)

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图 7 钻孔岩性柱状图

Figure 7. Lithology histogram of boreholes

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图 8 A-A′、B-B′剖面渗漏带分布特征图

Figure 8. Distribution characteristics of the leakage zone of profile A-A′ and B-B′

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表 1 研究区地层岩性表

Table 1. Stratigraphic lithology in the study area

系	统	组段与地层代号	厚度/m	基本岩性特征
二叠系	下统	阳新组（P₁y）	280	厚层至块状灰岩、白云质灰岩
石炭系	上统	马坪组（C₂m）		厚层灰岩夹白云岩
石炭系	下统	黄龙组（C₁h）		厚层灰岩
泥盆系	上统	革当组（D₃g）	241	厚层至块状灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩
	中统	东岗岭组（D₂d）	187~1 125	厚层灰岩、白云质灰岩夹薄层泥灰岩、泥质灰岩
		古木组一段（D₂g）	280~534	厚层至块状灰岩夹白云质灰岩，白云岩
		古木组二段（D₁g）	280~534	厚层白云岩夹中薄层灰岩
	下统	坡脚组（D₁p）	174	薄层泥岩，顶部夹灰岩透镜体
	下统	坡松洛组（D₁ps）	0~241	薄至中层泥岩、砂岩夹泥质粉砂岩

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