滇池流域地下水位年际动态变化特征研究

周俊蓉; 张华; 康晓莉; 高瑜; 何绕生; 武红梅; 李芹

doi:10.11932/karst20240607

滇池流域地下水位年际动态变化特征研究

doi: 10.11932/karst20240607

周俊蓉^{1, 2, 3,},
张华^{1, 2, 3, ,},
康晓莉^{1, 2, 3},
高瑜^{1, 2, 3},
何绕生^{1, 2, 3},
武红梅^{1, 2, 3},
李芹^{1, 2, 3}

1.
云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹), 云南昆明 650216
2.
自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室, 云南昆明 650216
3.
云南省地质环境监测院, 云南昆明 650216

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502502)、国家地下水监测工程（WT202201PB）联合资助

详细信息

作者简介:
周俊蓉（1994－），女，助理工程师，主要从事水工环地质研究。E-mail：741990131@qq.com

通讯作者:
张华（1982－），男，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质研究。E-mail：ybddysghs.zhh@163.com。

中图分类号: P641.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-20
- 录用日期: 2024-09-13
- 修回日期: 2024-08-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Study on the characteristics of interannual dynamic variations in groundwater levels in the Dianchi lake basin

ZHOU Junrong^{1, 2, 3
,},
ZHANG Hua^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
KANG Xiaoli^{1, 2, 3},
GAO Yu^{1, 2, 3},
HE Raosheng^{1, 2, 3},
WU Hongmei^{1, 2, 3},
LI Qin^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, MNR, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
3.
Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

摘要

摘要: 随着社会经济的不断发展，1980—2020年间城市面积不断扩大，滇池流域即昆明盆地的城市地下工程越来越密集，工业用水量增加，地方政府对地下水资源加强管理，地下水位呈现出了不同的变化特征。文章依托上世纪80年代、2006年以及2020年现有监测井的水位监测数据统计，采取统计法、对比法，利用Arcgis绘制了不同时期昆明盆地地下水位等值线图，以此来分析昆明盆地近40年来的水位变化、引起水位变化的原因以及水位变化可能会引发的环境地质问题，得出近40年以来昆明盆地地下水位整体呈现上升趋势。自2008—2009年大范围封停地下水井后，盆地大部分地区地下水位均在2009年后呈现明显上升的态势，局部地区由于工业用水量较大等原因使地下水位依然呈现出下降趋势。
- 昆明盆地 /
- 水位 /
- 变化特征 /
- 水位等值线 /
- 环境地质
Abstract: Between 1980 and 2020, with the continuous development of the social economy and the expansion of urban areas, the urban underground engineering in the Dianchi lake basin, also known as the Kunming basin, became increasingly dense. Industrial water consumption increased, and the government strengthened its management of groundwater resources, resulting in variations in groundwater levels. The demand for water resources continued to increase, but the problem of water pollution remained severe. Under the premise that some surface water bodies and pore water have been polluted by human activities, deep well drilling became a common way to extract groundwater at that time. However, with the increasing number of deep wells, the overall groundwater levels of the entire basin were affected, and problems such as the drying up of spring water, falling funnels, and ground collapses occurred in succession. This study is based on the statistical analysis of water level monitoring data collected from existing monitoring wells in the 1980s, 2006, and 2020. With statistical and comparative methods, ArcGIS was used to create contour maps of groundwater levels and maps of water level variations in the Kunming basin over various periods. Based on the principles of hydrogeology, environmental geology, and groundwater system analysis, this study identified the main natural and human influencing factors, effects of controlling groundwater resources and environment, and the existing challenges. It analyzed and summarized the variations in water levels in the Kunming basin over the past 40 years. Additionally, this study outlined the reasons for these water level fluctuations and the potential problems of environmental geology that may arise as a result.Analyses indicate that groundwater levels in the Kunming basin have shown an overall upward trend over the past 40 years. From the 1960s to the 1980s, fluctuations in groundwater levels in the Kunming basin were not significant, although the overall situation indicated a decline. Besides, and the extraction of groundwater and its rate of increase were relatively modest. From the 1980s to 2006, the groundwater levels in the Kunming basin showed a downward trend, especially in the areas of Dounan flower market in Chenggong district, as well as Paomashan and Jinma temple in Guandu district, where the water levels experienced a notable decrease. From 2006 to 2020, overall groundwater levels showed an upward trend, with significant increases observed in the area of Cuihu and the area of Majie printing and dyeing factory in Xishan district, which was classified as a zone of strong upward trends. However, most areas were characterized as the zones where the water levels experienced slight rises, including the area of Dounan flower market in Chenggong district, as well as the areas of Paomashan and Jinma temple in Guandu district. In these areas, the groundwater levels were relatively stable, with a fluctuation of about +1 m in 2020 compared to 2006. The water levels observed in the area of heavy machinery factory in Panlong district indicated a significantly downward trend. After the large-scale closure of underground water wells from 2008 to 2009, the groundwater levels in most areas of the basin showed a significant upward trend after 2009, while in some areas, due to large industrial water consumption and other reasons, the water levels still showed a downward trend.At present, the changes in the low water level center of the basin are closely related to human activities. With the development of the social economy, the changes in the low water level center are no longer only biased towards excessive exploitation of industrial, agricultural, and domestic water. The construction of a large number of civil defense projects and underground transportation projects in the urban area requires a large amount of drainage in the early stages of construction, resulting in a decrease in the surrounding groundwater levels. The decrease in groundwater levels causes changes in hydrodynamic conditions, accelerating the circulation and alternation between surface water, pore water, and bedrock water, leading to the continuous concentration of nearby sewage in the funnel area and promoting groundwater pollution. The overall decline in the water level of the aquifer may also lead to the lateral replenishment of groundwater by polluted rivers, resulting in contamination of the aquifer. For example, the Mayuan river, the Liangjia river, the Xibian river, the Panlong river, and the Jinzhi river collect industrial wastewater and domestic sewage from the west and east of the city. The decline in groundwater levels on both sides of the river will cause groundwater pollution. Today, the groundwater flow field in the Kunming basin has become a natural and artificial compound flow field. The water level dynamics under the influence of meteorological cycles are significantly affected by human factors. The change and amplitude of water level rise and fall are synchronized with the increase and decrease of groundwater mining output, excavation and drainage of underground space, etc. The projects of cross-flow diversion and water diversion have alleviated the decline of groundwater levels to a certain extent. With the popularization of knowledge related to groundwater, the government and the people gradually understand the environmental geological problems that excessive exploitation of groundwater resources may bring, and hence taking corresponding corrective measures.
- the Kunming basin /
- water level /
- variation characteristics /
- contour line of water level /
- environmental geology

HTML

图 1 昆明盆地地下水监测点分布图

Figure 1. Distribution of groundwater monitoring points in the Kunming basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 昆明盆地20世纪60-80年代地下水位变化曲线图

Figure 2. Variation curves of groundwater levels in the Kunming basin from 1960s to 1980s

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 典型监测点多年水位折线图

Figure 3. Line chart of multi-year water levels at typical monitoring points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 1984年昆明盆地基岩水等水位线图

Figure 4. Contour map of bedrock water level in the Kunming basin in 1984

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图 5 2006年昆明盆地基岩水等水位线图

Figure 5. Contour map of bedrock water level in the Kunming basin in 2006

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图 6 2020年昆明盆地基岩水等水位线图

Figure 6. Contour map of bedrock water levels in the Kunming basin in 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 昆明盆地2006－2020年基岩水水位变幅图

Figure 7. Variations of bedrock water levels in the Kunming basin from 2006 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 孔隙水典型监测点多年水位折线图

Figure 8. Line chart of multi-year water levels at representative monitoring points of pore water

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 基岩水典型监测井2006-2020年水位变化情况表

Table 1. Water level variations in representative monitoring wells of bedrock water from 2006 to 2020

监测井编号	地理位置	2006年水位/m	2020年水位/m	变幅/m
5301030015	盘龙区重机厂	1906.732	1896.79	−9.94
5301030283	盘龙区大树营探矿厂	1877.783	1889.73	+11.95
5301120534	西山区马街印染厂	1877.249	1890.74	+13.49
5301020271	五华区翠湖	1884.79	1887.57	+2.78

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 孔隙水监测点2006-2020年水位变化情况表

Table 2. Variations of water levels at monitoring sites of pore water from 2006 to 2020

孔隙水编号	5301020058	5301020068	5301020116	5301020156	5301110249	5301120434
年份	水位年均值/m
2006	1880.77	1910.01	1881.98	1899.57	1895.47	1890.31
2020	1880.80	1909.06	1895.08	1899.85	1895.68	1890.38
2006-2020年变幅/m	+0.03	−0.95	+13.10	+0.29	+0.22	+0.07

下载: 导出CSV

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