云南省新一轮地下水资源评价成果

高瑜; 张华; 武贵华; 杨帆; 康晓莉; 周俊蓉; 武红梅; 刘海峰

doi:10.11932/karst20240603

云南省新一轮地下水资源评价成果

doi: 10.11932/karst20240603

高瑜^{1, 2, 3,},
张华^{1, 2, 3, ,},
武贵华^{1, 2, 3},
杨帆^{1, 2, 3},
康晓莉^{1, 2, 3},
周俊蓉^{1, 2, 3},
武红梅^{1, 2, 3},
刘海峰^{1, 2, 3}

1.
云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹), 云南昆明 650216
2.
自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室, 云南昆明 650216
3.
云南省地质环境监测院, 云南昆明 650216

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502502)；国家地下水监测工程（WF202000PB）；自然资源部/云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室开放基金专项资助（MKGGR2024-2）

详细信息

作者简介:
高瑜（1991－），女，学士，工程师，主要从事水文、工程、环境地质调查与研究。E-mail：993536618@qq.com

通讯作者:
张华（1982－），男，高级工程师，主要从事水文、工程、环境地质调查与研究。E-mail：ybddysghs.zhh@163.com。

中图分类号: P641.8
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- HTML浏览量: 7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-28
- 录用日期: 2024-11-26
- 修回日期: 2024-11-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-25

Analysis of a new round of groundwater resource evaluation in Yunnan Province

GAO Yu^{1, 2, 3
,},
ZHANG Hua^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
WU Guihua^{1, 2, 3},
YANG Fan^{1, 2, 3},
KANG Xiaoli^{1, 2, 3},
ZHOU Junrong^{1, 2, 3},
WU Hongmei^{1, 2, 3},
LIU Haifeng^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, MNR, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China
3.
Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

摘要

摘要: 在系统研究云南省水文地质条件的基础上，将云南省地下水系统划分为21个四级流域系统，41个五级评价单元。文章论述了地下水资源的评价方法、参数确定，并展示了最终评价成果。2000－2020年多年平均地下水资源补给量为854.66亿m³·a⁻¹，多年平均地下水径流资源量629.16亿m³·a⁻¹，多年平均地下水径流资源量占地下水资源补给量的73.62%。对223个水质监测点检测结果评价分析显示：无Ⅰ类水；Ⅱ类水9个，占4%；Ⅲ类水24个，占10.76%；Ⅳ类水112个，占50.22%；Ⅴ类水78个，占34.98%。受污染的地下水类型多为孔隙水，一般属轻度或中等污染，少部分地区属重污染；基岩裂隙水，污染程度轻微。主要污染区分布于经济发达、人口密集的城市，如昆明、曲靖、玉溪、开远、楚雄、大理等地。
- 地下水资源 /
- 评价方法 /
- 计算参数 /
- 水文地质 /
- 云南高原
Abstract: Yunnan Province is located in the eastern region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the western area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. This province is characterized by mountainous plateau topography and is abundant in water resources. Groundwater resources hold great potential for development and utilization, but there is a critical issue regarding their uneven spatial distribution. Therefore, it is imperative to accurately investigate and evaluate the groundwater resources in Yunnan Province. Based on the systematic study of hydrogeological conditions in this province, its groundwater system is divided into 21 four-level basin systems and 41 five-level units for groundwater resource evaluation. In this paper, we systematically discuss the evaluation method and parameter determination for groundwater resources, and summarize and present the final evaluation results.In this evaluation, we utilized long-term rainfall data spanning from 2000 to 2020, along with the permeability coefficient and runoff modulus obtained from 1∶50,000 hydrogeological surveys conducted in Zhaotong, Yuanmou, Binchuan, Qujing, Yuxi, and other basins since 1960. Additionally, we incorporated data from the 1∶50,000 hydrogeological surveys of key karst areas in Yunnan, as well as the 1∶50,000 hydrogeological survey report of this province. We used the monitoring data from meteorological and hydrological stations to adjust the parameters of each evaluation zone in order to assess the groundwater resources in Yunnan Province. It is concluded that the average annual recharge of groundwater resources from 2000 to 2020 was 85.466 billion m³·a⁻¹. The average annual groundwater runoff resources was 62.916 billion m³·a⁻¹, accounting for 73.62% of the groundwater resource supply. Among them, the average annual groundwater resource supply in the Yangtze River Basin from 2000 to 2020 was 18.131 billion m³·a⁻¹, while the average annual groundwater runoff resources during the same period was 13.942 billion m³·a⁻¹. In contrast, the average annual groundwater resource supply in the river basins of Southwest China from 2000 to 2020 was 48.258 billion m³·a⁻¹, with average annual groundwater runoff resources amounting to 34.106 billion m³·a⁻¹. Besides, the average annual recharge of groundwater resources in the Pearl River Basin from 2000 to 2020 was 190.77 billion m³·a⁻¹, and the average annual groundwater runoff resources was 148.68 billion m³·a⁻¹. In the past 21 years, the groundwater resource supply in the Yangtze River Basin, the river basins of Southwest China, and the Pearl River Basin exhibited significant fluctuations, with the lowest supply occurring in 2011. The highest groundwater resource supply in the Yangtze River Basin was recorded in 2016. The Pearl River Basin experienced its peak supply in 2015, and the river basins of Southwest China had the highest supply in 2008. The data presented not only highlights the disparities in groundwater resources across various basins in Yunnan Province, but also serves as a crucial foundation for regional water resource management and planning. In terms of groundwater quality, the results from 223 water quality monitoring points in 2021 indicate that there were no Class I water samples detected; Class II water was found at 9 points, accounting for 4% of the total; Class III water was detected at 24 points, accounting for 10.76%; Class IV water was identified at 112 points, making up 50.22%; and Class V water was present at 78 points, which accounted for 34.98%. The types of contaminated groundwater primarily included pore water, which typically exhibited mild to moderate levels of pollution. In contrast, only a few areas were heavily polluted. Additionally, bedrock fissure water was present, but its degree of pollution was generally slight. Most of the pollutants were NH₄⁺, F⁻, Fe, Mn, volatile phenols, Hg, COD, etc. The analysis of the factors influencing the quality of Class IV and Class V groundwater indicated that the most significant contributor to water quality exceeding permitted levels was the visible matter, followed by volatile phenols and manganese. In addition to the sensory index, the most influential factor was volatile phenols, followed by manganese and ammonia nitrogen. The main areas of pollution were concentrated in economically developed and densely populated cities, such as Kunming, Qujing, Yuxi, Kaiyuan, Chuxiong, Dali, and other places.In summary, although the groundwater resources in Yunnan Province are abundant, the water quality problem cannot be ignored. In the future, the protection and management of groundwater resources should be strengthened, especially in the areas with rapid economic development. The sustainable utilization of groundwater resources should be ensured by implementing stricter environmental protection policies, strengthening the monitoring and control of pollution sources, promoting water-saving technologies, and raising public awareness of environmental protection.
- groundwater resources /
- evaluation method /
- calculation parameter /
- hydroecology /
- the Yunnan plateau

HTML

图 1 云南省含水层类型分布图(据王宇，2013)

Figure 1. Distribution of aquifer types in Yunnan Province (Based on Wang Yu, 2013)

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图 2 云南省地下水资源评价单元划分图

Figure 2. Division of groundwater resource evaluation units in Yunnan Province

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图 3 2000－2020年云南省平均降雨量等值线图

Figure 3. Contour map of average rainfall in Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2020

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图 4 长江流域2000－2020年地下水资源量变化折线图

Figure 4. Changes of groundwater resources in Yangtze River Basin from 2000 to 2020

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图 5 西南诸河流域2000－2020年地下水资源量变化折线图

Figure 5. Changes of groundwater resources in the river basins of Southwest China from 2000 to 2020

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图 6 珠江流域2000－2020年地下水资源量变化折线图

Figure 6. Changes of groundwater resources in the Pearl River Basin from 2000 to 2020

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图 7 云南省地下水水质监测点分布图

Figure 7. Distribution of monitoring points of groundwater quality in Yunnan Province

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图 8 云南省地下水超标指标影响率统计图

Figure 8. Statistics of contribution rate of groundwater exceeding permitted levels in Yunnan Province

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表 1 评价参数取值表

Table 1. Values of evaluation parameters

含水类型		地层代号	富水性划分指标				地下水径流模数 /L∙s⁻¹·km⁻²	地下水径流模数平均值 /L∙s⁻¹·km⁻²
			泉/L∙s⁻¹		地下河出口/L∙s⁻¹
			流量	平均流量	流量	平均流量
裸露型岩溶水含水岩组	较纯灰岩裂隙溶洞水	P₂q-m	0.01~864.86	3.42	40.53~6500.00	945.09	4.3~22.15	11.78
	较纯灰岩裂隙溶洞水	Є₁q	0.10~2.20	0.87	135.00	135.00	6.67~8.50	7.12
	不纯灰岩溶洞裂隙水	S₁sh	0.01~2.97	0.56			2.36~5.21	4.32
		T₂g²	0.10~60.98	2.65	14.21~5490.00	1455.00	4.58~5.36	4.98
		T_1-2j	0.05~201.00	4.87	6.73~210.00	62.95	3.00~19.06	8.87
		O₃j-w	0.02~50.49	0.45			1.26~4.62	3.43
		O_2-3sh-b	0.01~30.52	0.09			0.14~0.82	0.54
		T₂g¹	0.01~68.35	1.23			2.03~2.56	2.27
		T₁y²	0.01~150.56	2.11	28.00~240.90	100.30	3.07~3.45
	白云岩孔洞裂隙水	O₁t-h	0.20~30.20	1.16			5.26
		Є_2-3l	0.01~68.61	1.97	510.20	510.20	3.88~5.30	4.85
		Є₂g-s	0.01~8.87	1.15			3.40~4.33
非可溶岩孔隙裂隙水含水岩组	碎屑岩岩孔裂隙水	J₃s	0.01~0.25	0.11			0.52~0.92
		J₂s	0.01~0.51	0.13			1.32~1.43
		J₂x	0.05~0.31	0.17			0.83~0.94
		J₁z	0.005~0.44	0.09			0.85~0.96
		J₁x					0.52~0.92
		T₃s	0.10	0.10			0.83
		P₃lt-c	0.01~3.40	0.48			3.07~3.86
		P₂ls	0.10~1.83	0.42			2.12~2.85
		S₁h	0.80	0.80			0.92
		S₁l	0.513	0.513			0.86
		O_1-2m	0.01~10.07	0.85			3.03~3.68
		Є₁j	0.31	0.31			0.90
	玄武岩（风化）裂隙水	P₃β	0.01~15.60	0.33			0.32

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表 2 云南省水资源评价结果对比表

Table 2. Comparison of water resource evaluation results in Yunnan Province

评价时间		地下水补给量/ 亿m³∙a⁻¹	地下水资源量/亿m³∙a⁻¹
评价时间		地下水补给量/ 亿m³∙a⁻¹	径流模数法	水文分割法
2000－2020年（多年平均）		752.440	742.740	761.610
2000－2020年（多年平均）	线下计算	854.655	629.158
2000－2020年（多年平均）	栅格分析	872.737	632.102

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表 3 2021年度地下水质量评价统计表

Table 3. Statistics of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality in 2021

地下水资源分区	含水介质类型	统计监测点数/个	最高单项指标类别
地下水资源分区	含水介质类型	统计监测点数/个	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
金沙江	岩溶水	74		7	15	35	17
	孔隙水	31			1	14	16
	裂隙水	26			1	15	10
澜沧江—红河	岩溶水	1			1
	孔隙水	18		2	2	9	5
	裂隙水	19				9	10
怒江—伊洛瓦底江	岩溶水	4				3	1
	孔隙水	13			2	5	6
	裂隙水	4				2	2
珠江中上游	岩溶水	12			1	5	6
	孔隙水	10			1	7	2
	裂隙水	11				8	3
合计		223		9	24	112	78

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表 4 珠江流域水资源计算验证表

Table 4. Verification of water resource calculation in the Pearl River Basin

项目	水资源量/万m³∙a⁻¹	对A比值	对B比值	对C比值	对D比值
A.珠江流域地下水资源量（基流分割法）	1870704634	1	329.55%	893.02%	346.46%
B.南盘江2020~2021基流量下限	567648000	30.34%	1	270.98%	105.13%
C.南盘江枯季径流量	209480324	11.20%	36.90%	1	38.80%
D.径流量法珠江枯季资源量	539949400	28.86%	95.12%	257.76%	1

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