Hydrogeological evolution of typical moniliform karst wetland in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
-
摘要: 位于云贵高原面上宣威岩溶断陷盆地北东部的格宜镇，地貌类型为岩溶丘峰谷区，广泛分布碳酸盐岩地层，由于岩石建造和外地质应力的复杂性，在强烈的溶蚀作用下形成了多种多样的地貌形态，既有溶蚀形成的溶洞、洼地、谷地、落水洞等地表岩溶地貌，又有地下河管道等。通过水文地质学、岩溶学方法，对湖泊型串珠状湿地的构造、水文地质、岩溶发育特征进行研究，云贵高原面上串珠状岩溶湿地演化过程经历了地壳抬升期、南地壳稳定期、地壳再次抬升期三个阶段，在新构造运动作用下，由于地壳抬升，侵蚀基准下切等原因，岩溶管道在漫长的时间内垮塌、淤泥堵塞及岩溶发育的不均匀条件下了形成地表串珠状湿地。针对目前湿地面积的不断萎缩、减小问题，提出了具体的保护建议。Abstract:
Geyi town, located in the northeast part of Xuanwei karst fault basin on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, shows its geomorphic type of karst area of hump valley where carbonate strata are widely distributed. Because of the complexity of rock formations and external geological rock stress, various types of morphology are formed by strong dissolution in this area, not only including surface karst landforms such as karst caves, depressions, valleys and sinkholes, but also underground river pipelines and so on. The study area is intermittently uplifted during the neotectonic movement. A short quiet period during the intense uplifting process leads to the development of multi-layer (exactly four layers) horizontal karst caves in this karst area. The study area is distributed in the second layer with a distribution elevation between 2,020-2,050 m. In the typical moniliform wetland of this area, groundwater converges to the syncline structure of basin floor. The nuclear part of the syncline is located in the corrosion trough valley in the depression of the wetland. Eastward and westward groundwater, recharged through joint fissures and runoffs of karst groundwater, discharges to the nuclear part of syncline and converges to the soluble pond or lake wetland like Qiwen lake. Due to the shallowly buried groundwater level, this kind of lake wetland is rich in water resource. As a discharge area as well as a recharge area of the southern underground river system, corrosion trough valley in the depression of the lake wetland maintaines a close hydraulic link between groundwater and surface water in a constant cycle of suppy-discharge-supply of underground water. Under the condition of the same hydrological flow field, keeping the water balance can guarantee the continuous water displacement, and hence maintaining a good water quality in the lake wetland. Through the analysis of hydrological geology, a study on the structure, hydrological geology and karst development characteristics of moniliform lakes of lacustrine type has been conducted. The study shows that the moniliform wetland on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau surface experienced three stages. The first stage-the first phase of Nanpan river-is the stage of crustal uplift. In this stage, the sinkhole-karst tube fissure system was developed in terms of dissolution on the basis of structural fissure development. The second stage-the second phase of Nanpan river-is the stage of crust stablity. In this stage, depressions and funnel-cave underground river systems were developed maturely. The third stage is the stage of stone forest in which the new karst uplift led to degradation of the underground river in the layer caused by the capture of a newly developed underground river system; consequently, collapse, siltation and blockage occurred. With the effect of neotectonic movement, the moniliform wetland on the surface was formed under the condition of karst pipeline collapse, silt blockage and uneven karst development in a long time due to crustal uplift and erosion base sapping. In view of the shrinking wetland area at present, protection suggestions are also put forward in this study. These suggestions involve delimiting the water conservation area and the core area of wetland, strengthening wetland protection and its publicity, conducting the study on the evolution of karst wetland to improve the level of wetland scientific research and developing the tourism with characteristics of wetland and "red revolution bases". -
Key words:
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau /
- karst wetland /
- hydrogeology /
- evolution process
-
图 3 田边地下河系统水文地质剖面图
Figure 3. Hydrogeological section of Tianbian underground river system
-
[1] 陈静, 罗明明, 廖春来, 马瑞, 周宏, 邹胜章, 陈植华. 中国岩溶湿地生态水文过程研究进展[J]. 地质科技情报, 2019, 38(6):221-230.CHEN Jing, LUO Mingming, LIAO Chunlai, MA Rui, ZHOU Hong, ZOU Shengzhang, CHEN Zhihua. Review of eco-hydrological process in karst wetlands of China[J]. Geological Science and Technology Intelligence, 2019, 38(6):221-230. [2] Kayranli B, Scholz M, Mustafa A, et al. Carbon storage and fluxes within freshwater wetlands: A critical review[J]. Wetlands, 2010, 30(1):111-124. doi: 10.1007/s13157-009-0003-4 [3] Ghermand A, van den Bergh J C J M, Brander L M, et al. Values of natural human-made wetlands: A meta-analysis[J]. Water Resources Research, 2010, 46(12):137-139. [4] 李益敏, 李卓卿. 国内外湿地研究进展与展望[J]. 云南地理环境研究, 2013, 25(1):36-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7852.2013.01.007LI Yimin, LI Zhuoqing. Progress and prospect of wetlands at home and abroad[J]. Yunnan Geographical Environment Research, 2013, 25(1):36-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7852.2013.01.007 [5] 蒋忠诚, 袁道先, 曹建华, 覃小群, 何师意, 章程. 中国岩溶碳汇潜力研究[J]. 地球学报, 2012, 33(2):129-134.JIANG Zhongcheng, YUAN Daoxian, CAO Jianhua, QIN Xiaoqun, HE Shiyi, ZHANG Cheng. A Study of carbon sink capacity of karst processes in China[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 2012, 33(2):129-134. [6] 栾军伟, 崔丽娟, 宋洪涛, 王义飞. 国外湿地生态系统碳循环研究进展[J]. 湿地科学, 2012, 10(2):235-242. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5948.2012.02.017LUAN Junwei, CUI Lijuan, SONG Hongtao, WANG Yifei. Foreign research progress on carbon cycle in wetland ecosystems[J]. Wetland Science, 2012, 10(2):235-242. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5948.2012.02.017 [7] 李春华, 江莉佳, 曾广. 国外城市湿地研究的现状、问题及前瞻[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2012, 32(12):25-30.LI Chunhua, JIANG Lijia, ZENG Guang. Achievements, limitation and prospectives: overseas urban wetlands researches[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2012, 32(12):25-30. [8] 李晖, 蒋忠诚, 马祖陆, 杨奇勇, 罗为群, 尹辉, 王月. 桂林会仙岩溶湿地健康评价与补偿机制研究[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013(1):61-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2013.01.018LI Hui, JIANG Zhongcheng, MA Zulu, YANG Qiyong, LUO Weiqun, YIN Hui, WANG Yue. Study on health evaluation and compensation mechanism of Huixian rock dissolved wetland in Guilin[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2013(1):61-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2013.01.018 [9] 樊连杰, 邹胜章, 卢海平, 裴建国, 卢丽. 岩溶湿地地下水资源高效开发利用示范[J]. 中国矿业, 2019, 28(S2):494-496. doi: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.2019.S2.114FAN Lianjie, ZOU Shengzhang, LU Haiping, PEI Jianguo, LU Li. Demonstration of efficient development and utilization of groundwater resources in karst wetland[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2019, 28(S2):494-496. doi: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.2019.S2.114 [10] 毛德华, 夏军. 洞庭湖湿地生态环境问题及形成机制分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002(4):444-451.MAO Dehua, XIA Jun. Ecological and environmental problems and their causing mechanisms in Dongting lake wetland[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002(4):444-451. [11] 王育礼, 王烜, 杨志峰. 若尔盖湿地水资源变化特征及其成因分析[C]//. Proceedings of Conference on Environmental Pollution and Public Health. Scientific Research Publishing, 2010: 1428-1432.WANG Yuli, WANG Xuan, YANG Zhifeng. Water resources variation in zoige wetland and causes analysis [C]//. Proceedings of Conference on Environmental Pollution and Public Health. Scientific Research Publishing, 2010: 1428-1432. [12] 章程, 汪进良, 谢运球, 王松. 桂林会仙岩溶湿地水化学昼夜动态变化及其影响因素[J]. 地质论评, 2013, 59(6):1235-1241.ZHANG Cheng, WANG Jinliang, XIE Yunqiu, WANG Song. Hydrochemical daily variations in a karst lake of Huixian wetland of Guilin and their influencing factors[J]. Geological Review, 2013, 59(6):1235-1241. [13] 汤蕾, 赵冰梅, 许东, 尹德涛. 国外湿地研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008(1): 299-301.TANG Lei, ZHAO Bingmei, XU Dong, YIN Detao. Research progress on foreign wetland [J]Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2008(1): 299-301. [14] 田昆, 陆梅, 常凤来, 莫剑锋, 黎良才, 杨永兴. 云南纳帕海岩溶湿地生态环境变化及驱动机制[J]. 湖泊科学, 2004(1):35-42. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2004.01.005TIAN Kun, LU Mei, CHANG Fenglai, MO Jianfeng, LI Liangcai, YANG Yongxing. The ecological environment degradation and degradation Mechanism of Napahai karst wetland in southwestern Yunnan plateau[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2004(1):35-42. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2004.01.005 [15] 杨颖, 李旭, 崔瑰芬, 周伟, 付蔷. 云南沾益海峰湿地鱼类区系及地理成因分析[J]. 四川动物, 2006(1):7-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2006.01.002YANG Ying, LI Xu, CUI Guifen, ZHOU Wei, FU Qiang. Ichthyofauna and analysis of geography formation in haifeng wetland of Zhanyi, Yunnan[J]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 2006(1):7-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2006.01.002 [16] 肖羽芯, 王妍, 刘云根, 郭玉静, 张紫霞, 刘鹏. 典型岩溶湿地流域生态功能区划研究:以滇东南普者黑流域为例[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2020, 39(2):47-55.XIAO Yuxin, WANG Yan, LIU Yungen, GUO Yujing, ZHANG Zixia, LIU Peng. Research on ecological function regionalization of typical karst wetland watershed: take Puzhehei basin as an examle[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2020, 39(2):47-55. [17] 张紫霞, 刘鹏, 王妍, 张超, 刘云根, 杨波, 张叶飞. 普者黑岩溶湿地沉积物氮、磷、有机质分布及污染风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2019, 28(9):1835-1842.ZHANG Zixia, LIU Peng, WANG Yan, ZHANG Chao, LIU Yungen, YANG Bo, ZHANG Yefei. Distribution and pollution risk assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in Puzhehei karst wetland sediments[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2019, 28(9):1835-1842. [18] 袁梦. 哈尼梯田湿地水文特征研究[J]. 绿色科技, 2019(10):16-18,20.YUAN Meng. Study on hydrological characteristics of Hani terrace wetland[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2019(10):16-18,20. [19] 曹建华, 袁道先, 童立强. 中国西南岩溶生态系统特征与石漠化综合治理对策[J]. 草业科学, 2008(9):40-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2008.09.014CAO Jianhua, YUAN Daoxian, TONG Liqiang. Features of karst ecosystem and integrating measure for rock desertification in Southwest China[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2008(9):40-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2008.09.014 [20] 曹建华, 邓艳, 杨慧, 蒲俊兵, 朱同彬, 蓝芙宁, 黄芬, 李建鸿. 喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化演变及治理技术与示范[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 4(22):7103-7108.CAO Jianhua, DENG Yan, YANG Hui, PU Junbing, ZHU Tongbin, LAN Funing, HUANG Fen, LI Jianhong. Rocky desertification evolution, treatment technology and demonstration in karst faulted basins, Southwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 4(22):7103-7108. [21] 蒋忠诚, 罗为群, 童立强, 程洋, 杨奇勇, 吴泽燕, 梁建宏. 21世纪西南岩溶石漠化演变特点及影响因素[J]. 中国岩溶, 2016, 35(5):461-468.JIANG Zhongcheng, LUO Weiqun, TONG Liqiang, CHENG Yang, YANG Qiyong, WU Zeyan, LIANG Jianhong. Evolution characteristics and influencing factors of karst rocky desertification in southwest China in the 21st century[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2016, 35(5):461-468. [22] 王宇, 张华, 张贵, 王波, 彭淑惠, 何绕生, 周翠琼. 喀斯特断陷盆地环境地质分区及功能[J], 中国岩溶, 2017, 36(3): 283-295.WANG Yu, ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Gui, WANG Bo, PENG Shuhui, HE Raosheng, ZHOU Cuiqiong. Zoning of environmental geology and function in karst fault-depression basins [J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2017, 36 (3) : 283-295. [23] 王波, 王劲, 李继洪. 云南革香河流域宝山幅(G48E011010)1: 5万水文地质环境地质调查成果报告[R]. 昆明: 云南省地质环境监测院, 2019.WANG Bo, WANG Jin, LI Jihong. The results of hydrogeology and environmental geology survey in Gexiang river basin, Yunnan province (G48E011010) 1: 50, 000 [R]. Kunming: Yunnan Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring, 2019. [24] 张华, 王波, 王宇, 张贵, 何绕生, 代旭升, 康晓波, 蓝芙宁. 云南泸西岩溶断陷盆地水循环系统及水资源循环利用方案[J]. 地球学报, 2021, 42(3): 313-323.ZHANG Hua, WANG Bo, WANG Yu, ZHANG Gui, HE Raosheng, DAI Xusheng, KANG Xiaobo, LAN Funing. The water circulation system and water resources recycling plan of the Luxi karst fault-depression basin in Yunnan [J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 201, 42(3): 313-323. [25] 王宇. 岩溶高原地下水径流系统垂向分带[J]. 中国岩溶, 2018, 37(1):1-8.WANG Yu. Vertical zoning of groundwater runoff system in karst plateau[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2018, 37(1):1-8. [26] 张华. 宣威市格宜镇启文湖水文地质研究报告[R]. 昆明: 云南省地质调查局, 2020.ZHANG Hua. Hydrogeological research report of Qiwen lake in Geyi town, Xuanwei City [R]. Kunming: Yunnan Institute of Geological Survey, 2020. [27] 王波, 张华, 王宇, 张贵, 张文鋆, 高瑜, 罗为群. 泸西喀斯特断陷盆地地表水与地下水流域边界与水动力性质[J]. 中国岩溶, 2020, 39(3):319-326.WANG Bo, ZHANG Hua, WANG Yu, ZHANG Gui, ZHANG Wenjun, GAO Yu, LUO Weiqun. Watershed boundaries and hydrodynamic propperties of surface water and groundwater in Luxi karst fault-depression basin[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2020, 39(3):319-326. [28] 曹建文, 赵良杰, 王喆, 栾崧, 张庆玉. 乌蒙山区革香河流域干旱成因及打井找水模式[J]. 中国岩溶, 2021, 40(3):439-448.CAO Jianwen, ZHAO Liangjie, WANG Zhe, LUAN Song, ZHANG Qingyu. Causes of drought and models of drilling wells for water exploration in the Gexiang river basin of the Wumeng mountains[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2021, 40(3):439-448. [29] 赵一, 邹胜章, 申豪勇, 周长松, 樊连杰, 朱丹尼, 李军. 会仙湿地岩溶地下水系统水位动态特征与均衡分析[J]. 中国岩溶, 2021, 40(2): 325-333.ZHAO Yi, ZOU Shengzhang, SHEN Haoyong, ZHOU Changsong, FAN Lianjie, ZHU Dani, LI Jun. Dynamic characteristics and equilibrium of water level of the karst groundwater system beneath the Huixian wetland[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 40(2): 325-333. [30] 史正涛, 明庆忠, 张虎才. 云南高原典型湖泊演化及环境变化初步考察[J]. 地质力学学报, 2004(4):344-350,365.SHI Zhengtao, MING Qingzhong, ZHANG Hucai. Investigation of the evolution and environment change of typical lakes in Yunnan[J]. Journal of geomechanics, 2004(4):344-350,365. [31] 马祖陆, 蔡德所, 蒋忠诚. 岩溶湿地分类系统研究[J]. 广西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 27(2):101-106.MA Zulu, CAI Desuo, JIANG Zhongcheng. About karst wet land classification system[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 27(2):101-106. [32] 何珊儒, 李伟荣, 刘旭文, 翟运雄. 潼湖湿地生态水文地质特征简述[A]//中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会2007年学术年会暨“生态环境脆弱区工程地质”学术论坛论文集[C], 2007: 530-536.HE Shanru, LI Weirong, LIU Xuwen, ZHAI Yunxiong. Brief introduction to tonghu wetland bio-hydrogeology characteristics [A]// The 2007 Annual conference of Engineering Geology Committee of Geological Society of China and sym[C].2007: 530-536. -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1708
- HTML浏览量: 1016
- PDF下载量: 139
- 被引次数: 0
