岩溶地区飞机草化学防治研究

潘玉梅; 唐赛春; 岑艳喜; 吕仕洪; 韦春强; 蒲高忠

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2011.01.009

岩溶地区飞机草化学防治研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2011.01.009

1.
广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所
2.
广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所；广西师范大学

基金项目: 广西科技攻关(0719005,0992026-5)、国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAC01A10)

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-08-17
- 发布日期: 2011-03-25

Study on chemical control to Eupatorium odoratum in karst area

1.
GuangxiInstitute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences
2.
GuangxiInstitute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences；Guangxi Normal University

摘要

摘要: 在飞机草(EupatoriumodoratumL.)入侵严重的岩溶区,用样方法进行百草枯(paraquat)、草甘膦(glyphosate)及草甘膦与2,4-D的混合药剂防治野外飞机草试验,每种药剂分别设0.25%、0.5%和1%三个浓度。结果表明:施药5天后,各浓度百草枯处理的飞机草植株全部干枯;高浓度的草甘膦及高、中浓度的草甘膦+2,4-D处理下,飞机草植株2/3的叶干枯,茎半干枯。施药30天后,低浓度百草枯处理的飞机草的死亡率为77%,高浓度处理下的达100%,各处理的新生苗密度极显著小于对照;低浓度草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D处理的飞机草死亡率均为33%,高浓度处理的约为50%,各浓度处理下新生苗密度与对照均无显著差异。由此可见:(1)各浓度处理下百草枯的药效高于草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D的药效,对土壤中飞机草种子萌发具明显影响,宜用在飞机草单优势群落中。(2)较高浓度的草甘膦和草甘膦+2,4-D可防除大部分飞机草,对土壤中种子影响小,可考虑使用在飞机草为伴生植物的耕地、果园等生境中。
- 化学防治 /
- 飞机草 /
- 除草剂 /
- 岩溶地区
Abstract: Pingguo County in Guangxi has been seriously invaded by Eupatorium odoratum for more than ten years. Three herbicides(paraquat, glyphosate and glyphosate mixed with 2,4-D) at three grades of concentration1% (high), 0.5% (middle) and 0.25% (low) respectively are used to control E.odoratum in the area seriously invaded by the weed. The results prove that five days after spraying the herbicides, all of the E. odoratum dried-up under every treatment of the herbicide paraquat with each grade of concentration; while2/3 of the leaves dried-up and stems semi-dried-up under the high concentration of glyphosate, as well as under high and middle concentration of glyphosate mixed with 2,4-D.Thirty days after spraying the herbicide, the mortality of the weed is 77% under low concentration of paraquat and up to100% under high concentration; and the density of new seedlings under each treatment is significantly lower than that in control sample area. The mortalities of the weeds under the treatment of glyphosate and glyphosate mixed with2,4-D are33% at low concentration and about50% at high concentration, but the densities of new seedlings under these treatments have no significant difference with the controlsample. According to the above results, paraquat at different concentration exhibits more efficacy than glyphosate and glyphosate mixed with2,4-D.This herbicide can obviously influence the soil seed bank of the E.odoratum weed. So it is better to select paraquat as herbicide in the environments where E.odoratum weed formed dominant community. Glyphosate and glyphosate mixed with 2,4-D at comparatively high concentration, being able to prevent and kill most E.odoratum weed, should be used in concomitant community of E.odoratum weed, such as in farmland or orchard.
- chemical control /
- Eupatorium odoratum /
- herbicides /
- karst area

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