不同裸岩率下我国西南喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀的室内模拟

王 济; 蔡雄飞; 雷 丽; 张 浩

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.01.001

不同裸岩率下我国西南喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀的室内模拟

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2010.01.001

1.
贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院
2.
中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所、中国科学院研究生院

基金项目: 贵州省省长基金“喀斯特地区代表性土壤侵蚀参数的测定及模拟”（黔省专合字[2007]32号）、“贵阳市表层土壤重金属元素的地球化学特征及污染对策”黔教科2008013号、贵州省科学技术基金（黔科合J字[2008]2012号）

计量
- 文章访问数: 2249
- HTML浏览量: 390
- PDF下载量: 1467
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2009-07-13
- 发布日期: 2010-03-25

Laboratory simulation on soil erosion under different bedrock outcrop ratein Southwest karst area, China

1.
School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University
2.
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要

摘要: 以我国西南喀斯特地区作为研究区域，通过资料查询、野外考察，设计加工满足西南喀斯特地区雨强范围的针管式人工降雨装置，针对不同坡度条件下不同裸岩率坡面土壤侵蚀进行12场室内模拟试验。结果显示：（1）径流率在180～300 s之后保持稳定，坡面径流率随着坡度的增大变化较小。（2）输沙率的变化可分为五个阶段：迅速增大、减小、增大、缓慢减小和趋于稳定；同一坡度或不同坡度条件下坡面输沙率均随裸岩率的增大而减小，这种变化量随着坡度的增大而减小，其减小量在40.2%到1%之间。（3）同一坡度或不同坡度的不同裸岩率坡面总侵蚀量均随裸岩率的增大而减小，其变化量随坡度的增大而减弱。
- 土壤侵蚀 /
- 西南喀斯特山区 /
- 不同裸岩率 /
- 模拟
Abstract: This paper chooses Southwest China karst area as the research region. On the basis of data analysis and field research work, a rain-simulator is designed, which could fulfill the range of rainfall intensity in this area. Twelve processes of soil erosion simulation are made on the slopes with different gradient under different bedrock outcrop rate. Results of the simulation are as follows: (1) The slopes runoff ratio keeps steady after 180～300 s and hardly changes with the increase of gradient. (2) The change trend of transport rate of sediment yield can be divided into five periods: rapid increase, decrease, increase, slow decrease and steady. The transport rate of sediment yield decreases with the increase of the bedrock outcrop rate on same or different slopes, and the changing extent decreases by 40.2% to 1.0% with the increase the of slope. (3) The total sediment yield decreases with the increase of the bedrock outcrop rate on same or different slopes, and the changing extent decreases with the increase of the slope.
- soil erosion /
- southwest karst area /
- different bedrock outcrop rate /
- simulation

HTML

参考文献(18)

[1]	Theresa W, Saied M. The effects of vegetation and soil type on stream bank erosion, southwest ernvirginia, USA［J］. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2006, 42(1):69-82.
[2]	Marques M J, Bienes R, Jimenez L, et al. Effect of vegetal cover on runoff and soil erosion under light intensityevents. Rainfall simulation over USLE plots［J］. The Science of the Total Environment, 2007,378(1-2):161-165.
[3]	Koulouri M, Giourga C. Land abandonment and slope gradient as key factors of soil erosion in Mediterranean terraced lands［J］. Catena, 2007, 69(3):274-281.
[4]	Morgan R P C, Duzant J H. Modified MMF (Morgan-Morgan-Finney) model for evaluating effects of crops and vegetation cover on soil erosion［J］.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2008, 33(1):90-106.
[5]	Marques M J, Bienes R, Perez-Rodriguez R, et al. Soil degradation in Central Spain due to sheet water erosion by low-intensity rainfall events［J］. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2008, 33(3):414-423.
[6]	Badia D, Marti C. Fire and rainfall energy effects on soil erosion and runoff generation in semi-arid forested lands［J］. Arid land research and management, 2008, 22(2):93-108.
[7]	苏维词．贵州喀斯特山区的土壤侵蚀性退化及其防治［J］．中国岩溶，2001，20(3)：217-223.
[8]	徐燕，龙健．贵州喀斯特山区土壤物理性质对土壤侵蚀的影响［J］．水土保持学报，2005，19(1)：157-159.
[9]	卢远，华璀，周兴．基于GIS的广西土壤侵蚀敏感性评价［J］．水土保持研究，2007，14(1)：98-101.
[10]	彭建，李丹丹，张玉清．基于GIS和RUSLE的滇西北山区土壤侵蚀空间特征分析——以云南省丽江县为例［J］．山地学报，2007，25(5)：548-556.
[11]	何腾兵，刘丛强，王中良，等．贵州乌江流域喀斯特生态系统土壤物理性质研究［J］．水土保持学报，2006，20(5)：43-47.
[12]	朱韦，魏虹，彭月，等．三峡库周区不同土地利用方式下土壤侵蚀变化特征——以重庆市璧山县为例［J］．水土保持研究，2007，14(3)：376-380.
[13]	傅瓦利，张治伟，张洪，等．岩溶区坡面土壤侵蚀特征研究［J］．水土保持学报,2007,21(5):38-41.
[14]	杜雪莲,王世杰．喀斯特高原区土壤水分的时空变异分析——以贵州清镇王家寨小流域为例［J］．地球与环境,2008,36(3):193-201.
[15]	苏跃,刘方,李航,等．喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式下土壤质量变化及其对水环境的影响［J］．水土保持学报,2008,22(1):65-68.
[16]	周性和，温琰茂．中国西南部石灰岩山区资源开发研究［M］．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1990.
[17]	熊毅,李庆逵．中国土壤［M］．北京:科学出版社,1987,50-60,240-270.
[18]	蔡雄飞，王济，雷丽，等．改进针管式降雨设备对中国西南地区降水的室内模拟［J］．安徽农业科学,2009,37(8):3635-3637.