Karst development characteristics and influencing factors in the Yangtze River- Pearl River Watershed in Huaxi, Guiyang

MA Jianfei; FU Changchang; ZHANG Chunchao; LI Xiangquan; GAO Ming; ZHANG Lei; WANG Zhenxing

doi:10.11932/karst2026y024

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MA Jianfei, FU Changchang, ZHANG Chunchao, LI Xiangquan, GAO Ming, ZHANG Lei, WANG Zhenxing. Karst development characteristics and influencing factors in the Yangtze River- Pearl River Watershed in Huaxi, Guiyang[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA. doi: 10.11932/karst2026y024

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Karst development characteristics and influencing factors in the Yangtze River- Pearl River Watershed in Huaxi, Guiyang

doi: 10.11932/karst2026y024

MA Jianfei^{1, 2
,},
FU Changchang^{1, 2
,
,},
ZHANG Chunchao^{1, 2},
LI Xiangquan^{1, 2},
GAO Ming^{1, 2},
ZHANG Lei^{1, 3},
WANG Zhenxing^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050061, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, China
3.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou, 550025, China

Received Date: 2025-07-12
Accepted Date: 2026-01-05
Rev Recd Date: 2025-12-26

Available Online: 2026-06-23

Abstract

Abstract

The degree of karst development is a critical factor influencing geological hazard risks in karst terrains. Conducting detailed hydrogeological surveys to characterize karst features and their development intensity forms the essential basis for risk zonation and mitigation strategies related to geological disasters, engineering water inrush, mineral resource extraction, and foundation stability. In watershed areas, karst aquifers are generally considered to exhibit weak water abundance due to topographic and hydrogeological constraints, and are thus commonly classified as low-risk zones in geological safety assessments. However, investigations at a project site in the Huaxi District of Guiyang, located within the Yangtze River-Pearl River watershed divide, revealed locally well-developed karst features. To explain this anomaly and elucidate the controlling factors of karst development, this study integrated field surveys and high-density electrical resistivity tomography with multi-scale analyses of karst structures observed in drill cores. Techniques including optical image-based 3D modeling and computed tomography scanning were employed. The influencing factors were subsequently discussed based on the derived structural characteristics.Field survey results indicate that the study area is situated on a karst plateau, featuring landforms such as peak forest valleys and peak cluster depressions. High-density electrical resistivity tomography profiles identified two sets of karst development zones: a vertical karst development zone, extending downward below 1045 m elevation, and a sub-horizontal karst development zone, located between 1045 m and 1055 m elevation, which dips gently north-to-south across a 135 m profile length. A borehole drilled within the vertical development zone revealed dissolution features spanning seven orders of magnitude in size (10-⁶ to 10⁰ m). Macro-scale (10-¹ to 10⁰ m) karst features show vertical zonation, divisible into a karst cave zone, a fracture-dissolution zone, and a deep fracture zone. Meso-scale (10-³ to 10-¹ m) analysis highlights the heterogeneity of the karst medium, indicating enhanced development of dissolution pores at depths of 9-12 m, 20-25 m, 34-40 m, and 47-49 m. At the micro scale (10-⁶ to 10-³ m), with the increase of buried depth, the number of solution cracks decreases, the number of cracks increases, and the extension degree increases. The morphological characterization parameters such as void radius, throat length and throat radius show that the parameter characteristics of 69 m depth are significantly different from those of 9-68 m. Based on this, the difference between the characteristics of fractures and dissolved pores is distinguished, and the buried depth of karst development bottom boundary is determined to be 69 m.Topography and geological structure are identified as the primary controls on intense karst development in the study area. First, the relatively gentle terrain slope favors rainfall infiltration over rapid surface runoff. Second, groundwater within the 15-27 m depth range, controlled by the local discharge base level, remains relatively active, fostering the formation of the sub-horizontal karst zone. Third, the combined influence of mild topographic and hydraulic gradients prevents rapid groundwater runoff, allowing sufficient time for water-rock interaction. Fourth, structural fractures within a fault zone extend to greater depths, enhancing vertical permeability and facilitating karstification down to 69 m. In contrast, outside the fault zone, where a well-developed fracture-dissolution zone is absent, the lower boundary of karst development is only approximately 27 m.The innovation of this study lies in its integrated, multi-scale (macro-, meso-, micro-) and multi-dimensional (surface, borehole, core) characterization of karst structures using a suite of technical methods. This approach effectively reveals the patterns of karst development and explores its controlling factors across different scales. The findings provide methodological insights and technical support for engineering geology and geological hazard assessment in karst regions.
- karst development characteristics,
- structural characterization,
- influencing factors,
- the watershed area,
- the city of Guiyang

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References(38)

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Karst development characteristics and influencing factors in the Yangtze River- Pearl River Watershed in Huaxi, Guiyang

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Karst development characteristics and influencing factors in the Yangtze River- Pearl River Watershed in Huaxi, Guiyang

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