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Volume 45 Issue 2
Apr.  2026
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2026  >  45(2): 380-398
ZHUO Chun, SUI Huasheng, SU Weiguo, HAN Kai, LIU Yongliang. Leakage analysis and remediation measures for typical karst reservoirs with structural deficiencies in Guangxi[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(2): 380-398. doi: 10.11932/karst2026y009
Citation: ZHUO Chun, SUI Huasheng, SU Weiguo, HAN Kai, LIU Yongliang. Leakage analysis and remediation measures for typical karst reservoirs with structural deficiencies in Guangxi[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(2): 380-398. doi: 10.11932/karst2026y009
shu

Leakage analysis and remediation measures for typical karst reservoirs with structural deficiencies in Guangxi

doi: 10.11932/karst2026y009
  • 1.

    Guilin Water Resources and Electric Power Survey and Design Institute, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/ International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

  • Received Date: 2025-03-07
  • Accepted Date: 2026-04-03
  • Rev Recd Date: 2026-03-27
    Abstract
  • Karst leakage poses a critical engineering challenge to the safety and functionality of reservoirs in Guangxi, potentially leading to water loss, reduced performance, or even operational failure. Based on 50 typical cases from Guangxi, this study analyzes the controlling factors, main types, formation mechanisms, and mitigation strategies for karst reservoir leakage. The study aims to establish a typology-based analytical framework to enhance the understanding of leakage mechanisms and to provide reference for engineering remediation. The study shows that karst reservoir leakage in Guangxi can be classified into three main categories: tectonic leakage, contact-surface leakage, and underground conduit leakage. The development and distribution of leakage are jointly controlled by geomorphology, lithology, geological structures, and hydrodynamic conditions. The specific characteristics and intensity of karst development play a crucial role in determining the type, scale, and severity of leakage. In-depth analysis of typical cases indicates significant differences in the formation mechanisms of each leakage types: (1) Tectonic leakage is controlled by deep-seated structural discontinuities, such as faults, resulting in deep, anisotropic seepage networks. (2) Contact-surface leakage occurs through differential dissolution and structural detachment along the interface between soluble and insoluble rocks, exhibiting a strata-bound distribution. (3) Underground conduit leakage comprises well-connected concentrated conduit systems formed by the long-term positive feedback between dissolution and seepage.Given the concealed nature, complex morphology, and often high-pressure dynamic groundwater associated with karst leakage pathways, traditional mitigation techniques-such as curtain grouting, impervious blankets, conduit plugging, and cut-off walls-are often inadequate for efficient leakage control. Remediation measures must be specifically tailored to the type of leakage. For tectonic leakage, a combination of deep curtain grouting for interception and surface blanketing for sealing is typically required. For contact-surface leakage, physical interception using deep cutoff walls combined with grouting for reinforcement is a common and effective method. For underground conduit leakage, which is characterized by large flow rates and high velocity, specialized techniques that resist to high-velocity erosion, along with integrated "grouting-plugging-intercepting" strategies-such as bag grouting and quick-set pastes-are necessary. Traditional anti-leakage technologies face limitations when addressing high-pressure, large-flow conduit leakage, including issues such as grout being easily washed away, significant impact on the dam structures, and insufficient durability. Therefore, future remediation work should adopt a more refined approach. During the investigation phase, combining high-precision geophysical surveys with numerical modeling can more accurately determine the location and geometry of leakage pathways. During the construction phase, the use of new environmentally friendly materials, such as polymer grout and bio-cement, is recommended, as these materials have lower environmental impact and greater durability. Furthermore, by employing IoT-based monitoring and intelligent analysis, a leakage prevention and control system encompassing the stages of "precise detection, dynamic regulation, and targeted sealing" can be established. This approach aims to achieve precise responses and long-term effective control of karst leakage pathways.

     

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