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Volume 45 Issue 3
Jun.  2026
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2026  >  45(3): 580-592
LI Jun, DU Xinru, WANG Shaohan, LONG Jifeng, PEI Guangting, WANG Aihua, HE Tongxin, ZHANG Weidong, ZHU Tongbin, SUN Jianfei. Response of soil organic carbon mineralization to temperature and moisture changes across different karst ecosystems in Nonggang, Guangxi, China[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(3): 580-592. doi: 10.11932/karst20260307
Citation: LI Jun, DU Xinru, WANG Shaohan, LONG Jifeng, PEI Guangting, WANG Aihua, HE Tongxin, ZHANG Weidong, ZHU Tongbin, SUN Jianfei. Response of soil organic carbon mineralization to temperature and moisture changes across different karst ecosystems in Nonggang, Guangxi, China[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(3): 580-592. doi: 10.11932/karst20260307
shu

Response of soil organic carbon mineralization to temperature and moisture changes across different karst ecosystems in Nonggang, Guangxi, China

doi: 10.11932/karst20260307
  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China

  • 2.

    School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China

  • 3.

    Management Center of Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Chongzuo, Guanxgi 532499, China

  • 4.

    Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Chongzuo, Guanxgi 532499, China

  • 5.

    Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huitong, Hunan 418307, China

  • 6.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/ International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

  • Received Date: 2024-12-05
  • Accepted Date: 2026-05-25
  • Rev Recd Date: 2026-04-20
    Abstract
  • Soil Organic Carbon(SOC) mineralization is the process of SOC decomposition driven by microorganisms, followed by the subsequent release of CO2. This process plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle and is highly sensitive to climate warming and shifts in precipitation patterns. The karst region of southwest China is inherently ecologically fragile, and historically, inappropriate land use led to severe rocky desertification. Over recent decades, however, major national ecological restoration projects have driven substantial vegetation recovery, turning the region into an important carbon sink. While considerable researches have focused on the recovery of vegetation and soil carbon stocks, systematic understanding of SOC mineralization dynamics and its response to coupled changes in temperature and moisture across the full successional sequence from farmland to primary forest remain limited. Using a laboratory incubation approach, this study aimed to clarify how SOC mineralization responds to variations in temperature and moisture across different karst ecosystems, how temperature sensitivity (Q10) responses to changes in moisture availability, and what key factors regulate these processes.The study was conducted in the Nonggang National Nature Reserve in Guangxi. The area experiences a typical tropical monsoon climate, with a mean annual temperature of 22 ℃ and annual precipitation ranging from 1,150 to 1,550 mm. The soil is calcareous soil derived from limestone. In the study area, five vegetation types are distributed: farmland, grassland, shrubland, secondary forest, and primary forest. Among them, farmland, grassland, and shrubland are located around the periphery of the protected area, the secondary forest is situated in the experimental zone of the protected area, and the primary forest is located in the buffer zone of the protected area. Surface soil (0−15 cm) were collected in July, 2022. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to measure SOC mineralization under three temperature levels (20 ℃, 25 ℃, and 30 ℃) and three moisture levels (30%, 50%, and 70% of water-holding capacity). SOC mineralization rates were measured using the alkali absorption method, and Q10 values were calculated based on these rates. Soil physicochemical properties, including SOC, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, ammonium, nitrate, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, and pH were also determined.The results showed, (1) Elevated temperature significantly enhanced SOC mineralization rate, cumulative mineralization, and potentially mineralizable carbon. Increased moisture also promoted mineralization, but its effect was weaker and modulated by temperature. Binary quadratic model fitting indicated that temperature was the dominant driver of SOC mineralization. (2) SOC mineralization characteristics varied distinctly among ecosystems. Cumulative mineralization was higher in secondary and primary forests and lowest in farmland. Heatmap analysis and stepwise regression revealed that soil ammonium, nitrate, pH, and exchangeable calcium were the key factors influencing the mineralization process. (3) Q10 values in this study ranged from 1.16 to 2.26. Farmland and grassland exhibited significantly higher temperature sensitivity than shrubland and forests. Although the main effect of moisture on Q10 was not significant, a significant interaction between ecosystem type and moisture was observed. In grassland, Q10 decreased markedly with increasing moisture. Stepwise regression analysis showed that nitrate and SOC content were the primary factors regulating Q10.This study systematically examined the response of SOC mineralization to coupled changes in temperature and moisture across a successional sequence from farmland to primary forest in the Guangxi karst region. The findings indicate that SOC mineralization is strongly responsive to climate warming, and the magnitude was significantly regulated by ecosystem types and soil nitrogen availability. Compared with non-karst ecosystems, the Q10 values observed here were generally lower, and early-successional ecosystems (farmland and grassland) displayed higher temperature sensitivity than late-successional ecosystems (shrubland and forest). This finding has important implications for regional carbon balance projections. As climate warming continues, restored ecosystems in rocky desertification regions may face an increasing risk of soil carbon loss and a potential shift from carbon sink to carbon source. This change is constrained by ecosystem nutrient availability, particularly nitrogen. This study provides experimental evidence and mechanistic insights that are essential for accurately evaluating the carbon source/sink function of karst ecosystems under ongoing global change.

     

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