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Volume 45 Issue 1
Feb.  2026
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2026  >  45(1): 37-50
SU Yongbiao, LIU Weiguo. Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(1): 37-50. doi: 10.11932/karst20260102
Citation: SU Yongbiao, LIU Weiguo. Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(1): 37-50. doi: 10.11932/karst20260102
shu

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin

doi: 10.11932/karst20260102
  • 1.

    Yellow River Conservancy Technical University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China

  • 2.

    Department of Culture and Tourism, Taiyuan University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China

  • Received Date: 2024-10-25
  • Accepted Date: 2025-05-09
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-05-06
    • Available Online: 2026-05-27
    Abstract
  • Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of Ecosystem Services (ESs), uncovering the trade-offs and synergies among different services, and identifying their driving mechanisms are of great significances for the effective management of ecosystems and regional sustainable development. This study focuses on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, assessing the spatiotemporal evolution of four key ESs-Water Yield (WY), Carbon Storage (CS), Soil Conservation (SC), and Habitat Quality (HQ)-from 2000 to 2020. The Spearman correlation coefficient and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis were employed to quantify the trade-offs and synergies among ESs and their spatial distribution patterns, while the geographical detector model was used to reveal their driving factors. The results indicate: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the average WY, SC, CS, and HQ in the study area were 547.33 mm, 229.20 t·hm−2, 264.0 t·hm−2, and 0.66, respectively. Over this period, WY, CS, and HQ showed an increasing trend at the regional scale, while SC remained relatively stable. Spatially, SC and WY exhibited a gradual increase from west to east, whereas CS and HQ displayed higher values in the southwestern and northern regions, with lower values in the central and northwestern areas. (2) The trade-offs and synergies among ESs demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity. Synergistic relationships were observed between WY-SC, SC-HQ, SC-CS, and HQ-CS, while trade-offs were identified between WY-HQ and WY-CS. Spatially, the synergistic and trade-off relationships of WY-SC, WY-CS, CS-HQ, and SC-HQ showed similar geographical patterns, with synergies dominant in the northwestern and central regions and trade-offs prevalent in the western and southern areas. In contrast, the trade-offs between WY-HQ and CS-SC were primarily concentrated in the central plain region. (3) The spatial heterogeneity of ES trade-offs and synergies was driven by multiple factors. Among these, topographic and climatic factors were identified as the key drivers, with the interaction between climate and topography exhibiting particularly significant explanatory power. This interaction not only reveals the nonlinear effects among natural elements, but also further highlights the importance of multi-factor coupling driving forces wthin complex geographic enbironments. The study reveals that the interactions among ESs are not only influenced by their intrinsic relationships, but also co-regulated by external factors such as climate and topography.This study elucidates the influencing mechanisms by natural factors (climate, topography) and anthropogenic activities to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ES trade-offs and synergies in the upper Yangtze River Basin. The findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of regional ecosystems and will offer valuable insights for policymakers to formulate differentiated ecological conservation strategies.

     

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