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Volume 45 Issue 1
Feb.  2026
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2026  >  45(1): 208-220
XIONG Xing, ZOU Hui, HUANG Zhe, PEI Junyong, YIN Xiaodong, ZHONG Wenjie. Karst development characteristics and karst cave treatment technology of a large-scale engineering site in Longgang[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(1): 208-220. doi: 10.11932/karst2025y029
Citation: XIONG Xing, ZOU Hui, HUANG Zhe, PEI Junyong, YIN Xiaodong, ZHONG Wenjie. Karst development characteristics and karst cave treatment technology of a large-scale engineering site in Longgang[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(1): 208-220. doi: 10.11932/karst2025y029
shu

Karst development characteristics and karst cave treatment technology of a large-scale engineering site in Longgang

doi: 10.11932/karst2025y029
  • 1.

    Shenzhen Investigation & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China

  • 2.

    China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Corp., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China

  • Received Date: 2024-04-09
  • Accepted Date: 2025-10-16
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-07-02
    • Available Online: 2026-05-27
    Abstract
  • The geological structure of Shenzhen is complex, characterized by fault structures and regional erosion, which have led to significant karst development. Karst is roughly distributed in a northeast-trending, strip-like pattern. The study area is located at the Ecological Intelligence Valley Headquarters Base, part of the Dayun Shenzhen-Hong Kong International Science and Education City in Longgang district, Shenzhen. This area comprises multiple towers, their podiums, and basements, with a maximum building height of 188 meters. The building includes 41 floors above ground and two underground floors, and represents the primary zone with karst development. According to survey and drilling data, the geological strata in the study area are mainly composed of the Quaternary (Q) soil layer and the rock layer of lower Carboniferous Water Measurement Formation (C1c). A total of 399 boreholes were drilled on site, including 250 boreholes exposing soluble limestone layers and 173 boreholes exposing karst caves. The porosity rate of these boreholes is 69.2%, and the linear karst rate is 26.5%, indicating a region with intense karst development. To further investigate the impact of karst development on pile foundation construction, this study utilized survey drilling data and addressed the challenges posed by karst caves during on-site pile foundation construction along with their corresponding solutions. A detailed description of the karst development patterns and spatial distribution characteristics of the study area site was conducted, and the principles of karst cave treatment and related construction measures were summarized. The results showed that, (1) The underground karst space in the study area exhibits a complex morphology, mainly characterized by dissolution fissures, dissolution channels, and dissolution troughs. Dissolution fissures along the bedding planes and joint directions are relatively well developed. About 34% of the boreholes revealed more than three karst caves, and about 83.6% of the karst caves were less than five meters in height, with an average height of 3.03 m. The vertical development of karst caves is dense, with mainly small- and medium-sized caves being the predominant types. (2) The karst caves in the study area are mainly filled, followed by semi-filled caves. The filling materials primarily consist of silty clay containing angular gravel and sandy clay. The average burial depth of the cave roofs is 32.2 m, with an average roof thickness of 2.2 m. The limestone burial depth is relatively large, belonging to a deep covered karst area. (3) The development characteristics of karst in the study area are mainly controlled by factors such as lithology, geological structure, and hydrogeological conditions. The karst exhibits distinct vertical layering, with its development occurring at depths of 25 m to 80 m below the surface. The zone of strong karst development is mainly between 25 m and 40 m in depth. Due to the intense development of shallow karst, caves cannot be avoided, and the thickness of the cave roof is thin, resulting in insufficient bearing capacity. Therefore, pile foundation construction must cross the strongly developed zone of shallow karst to reach the stable bearing layer of limestone. (4) To address the complex development of karst caves in the study area, a combination of drilled pile foundations and raft foundations was employed in building foundation, with limestone serving as the bearing layer. The pile foundation treatment involves an "advanced grouting pretreatment plus artificial wall formation using cement mixed with soil or C15 concrete" approach to stabilize the karst caves. This method has yielded favorable results during actual construction process, with all core drilling tests of the foundation piles classified as Class I piles, ensuring construction quality while also reducing costs.

     

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