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Volume 45 Issue 2
Apr.  2026
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2026  >  45(2): 282-291
QIAO Yu, KANG Xiaobing, SUI Sugang, WANG Bangtuan. Research on the mechanism of water inrush in tectonic fracture zones of karst water-rich mines[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(2): 282-291. doi: 10.11932/karst2025y002
Citation: QIAO Yu, KANG Xiaobing, SUI Sugang, WANG Bangtuan. Research on the mechanism of water inrush in tectonic fracture zones of karst water-rich mines[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 45(2): 282-291. doi: 10.11932/karst2025y002
shu

Research on the mechanism of water inrush in tectonic fracture zones of karst water-rich mines

doi: 10.11932/karst2025y002
  • 1.

    College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059

  • 2.

    Kunming Prospecting Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metal Industry Co., Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China

  • 3.

    Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering and Geological Hazards, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China

  • Received Date: 2024-07-17
  • Accepted Date: 2025-07-21
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-06-05
    Abstract
  • With the continuous growth of China's demand for mineral resources, mining activities have gradually transitioned from the shallow surface areas to deeper areas. This shift has significantly increased the risk of water inrush, especially in water-rich mines situated in karst regions. Conducting a genetic analysis of water inrush in the structural fracture zones of these karst water-rich mines is crucial for the prevention and control of mine water inrush disasters.This study takes a typical karst water-rich mine as an example. First, a detailed investigation of the karst hydrogeological conditions in the mining area has been conducted. This includes mapping the distribution of karst features, such as caves and fissures, and analyzing the groundwater flow patterns and recharge mechanisms. The study area is characterized by complex geological structures, with multiple fault zones intersecting the strata. The rock formations mainly consist of carbonate rocks, which are highly susceptible to karstification, resulting a network of underground cavities and conduits that facilitate water movement. To accurately understand the hydrogeological conditions, long-term monitoring wells are installed in different parts of the mining area. These wells record real-time data on groundwater levels, water quality, and flow rates, providing a comprehensive dataset for further analysis.A comprehensive approach combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation has been employed. In the theoretical analysis, principles from hydrogeology and rock mechanics are applied. Hydrogeological theories are used to identify the potential water sources for inrush. It is found that the main water-filling sources in this mine are atmospheric rainfall and groundwater. Rainwater infiltrates into the ground through surface cracks and sinkholes, replenishing the groundwater system. The groundwater then accumulates and flows through fracture zones toward the mining excavations. Rock mechanics theories are used to study the stability of the fracture zones under different stress conditions. The strength properties of the rock mass in the fracture zones, including its compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength, are carefully analyzed. This analysis helps to understand how the rock mass responds to the increasing pressure from the groundwater.For the numerical simulation, the FLAC3D software was utilized. A three-dimensional numerical model of the mining area was established, incorporating the geological structure, rock mass properties, and hydrological conditions. The model simulates the process of rainfall-induced water inrush. Simulation results show that during heavy rainfall, the groundwater level in the mining area rises rapidly. As the water level rises, the seepage pressure within the fracture zone also rises. When the seepage pressure in the fracture zone reaches 0.9 MPa, it causes deformation and eventual failure of the rock mass in front of the heading face. This leads to the breakthrough of high-pressure water, resulting in a severe water inrush event. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to examine the impact of different parameters-such as the permeability of the fracture zone and the rainfall intensity-on the occurrence and severity of water inrush.Furthermore, the simulation determined the safe thickness of the fracture zone ahead of the heading face under extreme water level conditions. It is concluded that maintaining a safe thickness of more than five meters between the roadway heading face and the structural fracture zone can effectively prevent water inrush disasters. This is because a sufficient thickness of the rock mass can withstand the pressure exerted by groundwater, thereby maintaining the stability of the mining face. In addition to thickness, other preventive measures were also explored. For example, grouting techniques can be used to reinforce fracture zones, reducing their permeability and enhancing their strength. Chemical grouting materials with high viscosity and quick-setting properties were considered, as they can penetrate the tiny fissures in the rock mass and form a solidified barrier.In conclusion, this study has systematically analyzed the characteristics, sources, channels, and causes of water inrush in the structural fracture zones of the karst water-rich mine. The study results not only clarify the mechanism of water inrush but also provide practical guidelines for mine safety management. For similar karst water-rich mines, these findings can serve as valuable reference for predicting and preventing water inrush disasters, thus ensuring the safe and sustainable development of the mining industry. Future research should focus on improving the accuracy of the numerical models by incorporating more detailed geological and hydrological data, as well as exploring innovative prevention and control technologies for water inrush in complex karst environments.

     

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