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Volume 43 Issue 6
Dec.  2024
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2024  >  43(6): 1248-1260
GAO Yu, ZHANG Hua, WU Guihua, YANG Fan, KANG Xiaoli, ZHOU Junrong, WU Hongmei, LIU Haifeng. Analysis of a new round of groundwater resource evaluation in Yunnan Province[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 43(6): 1248-1260. doi: 10.11932/karst20240603
Citation: GAO Yu, ZHANG Hua, WU Guihua, YANG Fan, KANG Xiaoli, ZHOU Junrong, WU Hongmei, LIU Haifeng. Analysis of a new round of groundwater resource evaluation in Yunnan Province[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 43(6): 1248-1260. doi: 10.11932/karst20240603
shu

Analysis of a new round of groundwater resource evaluation in Yunnan Province

doi: 10.11932/karst20240603
  • 1.

    Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area, MNR, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

  • 3.

    Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Kunming, Yunnan 650216, China

  • Received Date: 2023-11-28
  • Accepted Date: 2024-11-26
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-11-07
    • Available Online: 2025-03-21
    Abstract
  • Yunnan Province is located in the eastern region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the western area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. This province is characterized by mountainous plateau topography and is abundant in water resources. Groundwater resources hold great potential for development and utilization, but there is a critical issue regarding their uneven spatial distribution. Therefore, it is imperative to accurately investigate and evaluate the groundwater resources in Yunnan Province. Based on the systematic study of hydrogeological conditions in this province, its groundwater system is divided into 21 four-level basin systems and 41 five-level units for groundwater resource evaluation. In this paper, we systematically discuss the evaluation method and parameter determination for groundwater resources, and summarize and present the final evaluation results.In this evaluation, we utilized long-term rainfall data spanning from 2000 to 2020, along with the permeability coefficient and runoff modulus obtained from 1∶50,000 hydrogeological surveys conducted in Zhaotong, Yuanmou, Binchuan, Qujing, Yuxi, and other basins since 1960. Additionally, we incorporated data from the 1∶50,000 hydrogeological surveys of key karst areas in Yunnan, as well as the 1∶50,000 hydrogeological survey report of this province. We used the monitoring data from meteorological and hydrological stations to adjust the parameters of each evaluation zone in order to assess the groundwater resources in Yunnan Province. It is concluded that the average annual recharge of groundwater resources from 2000 to 2020 was 85.466 billion m3·a−1. The average annual groundwater runoff resources was 62.916 billion m3·a−1, accounting for 73.62% of the groundwater resource supply. Among them, the average annual groundwater resource supply in the Yangtze River Basin from 2000 to 2020 was 18.131 billion m3·a−1, while the average annual groundwater runoff resources during the same period was 13.942 billion m3·a−1. In contrast, the average annual groundwater resource supply in the river basins of Southwest China from 2000 to 2020 was 48.258 billion m3·a−1, with average annual groundwater runoff resources amounting to 34.106 billion m3·a−1. Besides, the average annual recharge of groundwater resources in the Pearl River Basin from 2000 to 2020 was 190.77 billion m3·a−1, and the average annual groundwater runoff resources was 148.68 billion m3·a−1. In the past 21 years, the groundwater resource supply in the Yangtze River Basin, the river basins of Southwest China, and the Pearl River Basin exhibited significant fluctuations, with the lowest supply occurring in 2011. The highest groundwater resource supply in the Yangtze River Basin was recorded in 2016. The Pearl River Basin experienced its peak supply in 2015, and the river basins of Southwest China had the highest supply in 2008. The data presented not only highlights the disparities in groundwater resources across various basins in Yunnan Province, but also serves as a crucial foundation for regional water resource management and planning. In terms of groundwater quality, the results from 223 water quality monitoring points in 2021 indicate that there were no Class I water samples detected; Class II water was found at 9 points, accounting for 4% of the total; Class III water was detected at 24 points, accounting for 10.76%; Class IV water was identified at 112 points, making up 50.22%; and Class V water was present at 78 points, which accounted for 34.98%. The types of contaminated groundwater primarily included pore water, which typically exhibited mild to moderate levels of pollution. In contrast, only a few areas were heavily polluted. Additionally, bedrock fissure water was present, but its degree of pollution was generally slight. Most of the pollutants were NH4+, F−, Fe, Mn, volatile phenols, Hg, COD, etc. The analysis of the factors influencing the quality of Class IV and Class V groundwater indicated that the most significant contributor to water quality exceeding permitted levels was the visible matter, followed by volatile phenols and manganese. In addition to the sensory index, the most influential factor was volatile phenols, followed by manganese and ammonia nitrogen. The main areas of pollution were concentrated in economically developed and densely populated cities, such as Kunming, Qujing, Yuxi, Kaiyuan, Chuxiong, Dali, and other places.In summary, although the groundwater resources in Yunnan Province are abundant, the water quality problem cannot be ignored. In the future, the protection and management of groundwater resources should be strengthened, especially in the areas with rapid economic development. The sustainable utilization of groundwater resources should be ensured by implementing stricter environmental protection policies, strengthening the monitoring and control of pollution sources, promoting water-saving technologies, and raising public awareness of environmental protection.

     

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