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Volume 42 Issue 4
Nov.  2023
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2023  >  42(4): 775-784
HOU Wenjuan, GONG Xing, LIU Feng, LI Hongzhong. Numerical experiment on the mechanism of mixing corrosion of carbonate rocks by hydrothermal synergistic effect[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(4): 775-784. doi: 10.11932/karst20230411
Citation: HOU Wenjuan, GONG Xing, LIU Feng, LI Hongzhong. Numerical experiment on the mechanism of mixing corrosion of carbonate rocks by hydrothermal synergistic effect[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(4): 775-784. doi: 10.11932/karst20230411
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Numerical experiment on the mechanism of mixing corrosion of carbonate rocks by hydrothermal synergistic effect

doi: 10.11932/karst20230411
  • 1.

    School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamic, MNR & GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

  • 3.

    Guangdong Communication Planning & Design Institute Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510507, China

  • Received Date: 2021-08-12
  • Rev Recd Date: 2021-10-14
    Abstract
  • Karst water systems can be divided into open systems and closed systems. In the open system, mixed groundwater dissolves carbonate minerals mainly by the unsaturated corrosion. However, in the closed system, groundwater has been saturated with carbonate minerals after long-term runoff flow. When saturated groundwater with different hydrochemical components or at different temperatures mixed, the solubility of carbonate minerals in groundwater increases, and new corrosion capacity of groundwater generates. The mixing corrosion of saturated solution and temperature mixing corrosion are important dynamics for the chemical dissolution of carbonate aquifer system. The existing research about the interaction mechanism of mixing corrosion of carbonate rocks mainly focuses on the mixing corrosion of single saturated solution or temperature mixing corrosion, and the mechanism of hydrothermal synergistic dissolution in different groundwater mixing situations needs to be further studied. In order to reveal the synergistic mechanism between mixing corrosion of saturated solution and temperature mixing corrosion, this study uses hydro-geochemistry software PHREEQC to simulate the dissolution of calcium carbonate under static mixing conditions of groundwater, including the mixing of infiltrated soil water and shallow groundwater, the mixing of deep-flowing geothermal groundwater and shallow groundwater, and the mixing of deep fluid and shallow groundwater. Moreover, the impact of temperatures, $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ of different end-member groundwater and the mixing ratios of end-member water on the intensity of mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect is discussed here. The results show, (1) The mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect can enhance the supplementary corrosion capacity of saturated groundwater which descends in order as the mixing of deep fluid and shallow groundwater, the mixing of deep-flowing geothermal water and shallow groundwater, and the mixing of infiltrated soil water and shallow groundwater. (2) When the mixing of infiltrated soil water and shallow groundwater occurs, the mixing corrosion capacity by hydrothermal synergistic effect is lower than that of mixing corrosion of single saturated solution, but higher than that of single temperature mixing corrosion. The main reason is that the change of solution temperature weakens the complementary corrosion capacity of mixed solution. (3) Under the condition of mixing deep-flowing geothermal groundwater and shallow groundwater, the mixing corrosion of saturated solution in deep-flowing geothermal groundwater has more effects on the hydrothermal synergistic corrosion than the temperature mixing corrosion. (4) When the deep fluid mixes with the shallow groundwater, the corrosion capacity of mixed solution is weaker than that of the mixing corrosion of saturated solution at single low-temperature, but stronger than that of mixing corrosion at single high-temperature. Although the change of temperature in the mixture causes the calcium carbonate precipitation, the mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect still dissolves calcium carbonate. (5) The intensity of mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect in the karst water system is controlled synchronously by the change of temperature and $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ of mixing solutions. The variation law of mixing corrosion capacity cannot be judged by the effect of mixing corrosion of single saturated solution or temperature mixing corrosion. (6) The greater differences in temperature and $ {P}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}} $ between two end-member solutions lead to higher dissolution capacity of mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect. The dissolution of calcium carbonate is the largest when the mixing ratios of end-member solutions are similar, and the dissolution decreases with the increase of mixing ratio differences of end-member solutions, which shows that the full mixing of natural groundwater is conducive to the mixing corrosion by hydrothermal synergistic effect. The study results provide a theoretical basis for the mixing corrosion mechanism and regulation of carbonate rocks dissolution under groundwater seepage conditions, and further enrich the theoretical research on karst development mechanism.

     

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