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Volume 42 Issue 1
Feb.  2023
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2023  >  42(1): 94-108
CHEN Jinke, PU Junbing, LI Jianhong, ZHANG Tao. Trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services of a karst critical zone based on land use scenario simulation: Take Mengzi karst graben basin as a study case[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(1): 94-108. doi: 10.11932/karst20230108
Citation: CHEN Jinke, PU Junbing, LI Jianhong, ZHANG Tao. Trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services of a karst critical zone based on land use scenario simulation: Take Mengzi karst graben basin as a study case[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(1): 94-108. doi: 10.11932/karst20230108
shu

Trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services of a karst critical zone based on land use scenario simulation: Take Mengzi karst graben basin as a study case

doi: 10.11932/karst20230108
  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

  • 2.

    Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River /Chongqing Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China

  • 3.

    Southwest University School of Geographical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environmental Science, Chongqing 400715, China

  • Received Date: 2022-03-08
    Abstract
  • The karst critical zone is the near-surface layer of the Earth including vegetation, soil, water, and rocks in the karst area. It is sensitive to the changes of external environment due to the karst power provided by the Five Circles. And the karst critical zone has been regarded as one of the important ecological barrier areas in China. It is very necessary to study the ecological environment in the zone. Therefore, taking the Mengzi karst graben basin (MKGB) as a case, this study hopes to provide some suggestions for ecological governance in the karst critical zone.MKGB is located in the southeast of Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. Its boundary is almost consistent with the third-largest karst underground river system (the Nandong underground river watershed) in South China. With the influence of natural and human activities, karst rocky desertification is severe in this area. The forest is mainly composed of artificial forest, secondary forest and shrub forest. The ecosystem is imbalanced and the capability of ecosystem services has been reducing. At present, China has launched the project to control rocky desertification, and the main way is to return farmland to forest or grassland. Previous studies have also shown that optimizing land use mode can achieve win-win results between ecological environment and human benefits. However, the pattern and intensity of land use change is unclear in the control of rock desertification. It will be difficult to make reasonable policies for ecological protection if the problem is not paid more attention to. Ecosystem services and the relationship (trade-off and synergy) are important indicators to measure the structure of ecosystem. Therefore, we quantitatively analyzed the current status of ecosystem services and simulated the land use change to maximize ecosystem services in MKGB. In this study, we evaluated regional Net Primary Productivity (NPP), water yield, soil retention of covered and bare karst areas and food supply by respectively using Carnegie-Ames Stanford Approach (CASA model), Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST model), the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE model) and food supply model. Besides, in order to find the optimal land use mode, we also set up four scenarios—natural scenario, mild ecological governance scenario, moderate ecological governance scenario and strong ecological governance scenario—by the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Region Extent (CLUE-S model). Then we explored the impacts of different ecological governance scenarios on ecosystem services and their tradeoff or synergistic characteristics.Results show that ecological land use experienced an increasing trend from 2006 to 2018, which reflected that the land conversion was reasonable in the process of rock desertification control, and the effect of rock desertification control was obvious. In 2030, the continuous strengthening of ecological governance will contribute to the increase of forest land and the decrease of cultivated land. Secondly, NPP, water yield, soil retention of covered and bare karst areas and food supply increased by 13.98%, 38.97%, 23.04%, 25% and 105.43%, respectively in MKGB, and there were certain spatial differences in the changes of various services in 2018. Thirdly, with the implementation of ecological governance measures, NPP and soil retention will show an increasing trend, but water yield will decrease continuously in 2030. The food supply will decrease in the strong ecological governance scenario, but increase in the other three scenarios. This result demonstrates that ecological governance measures can promote NPP and soil retention, but they will also limit the growth of water yield and food supply to some extent. Fourthly, NPP presents a trade-off relationship with water yield and food supply, and a synergic relationship with soil retention. Water yield shows a trade-off relationship with soil retention, and a synergic relationship with food supply. Soil retention and food supply are in a trade-off relationship. Finally, compared with the situation in 2018, the degree of trade-off in the moderate ecological governance scenario is acceptable, implying that it will be a reasonable ecological governance.Therefore, we should pay close attention to the control of rocky desertification in the areas with the slope > 20° in the future. We believe the conclusions of this study can provide a clear direction for the control of rocky desertification. However, there still exist limitations. For example, the accuracy of basic data should be continuously improved, and more factors affecting the ecosystem services should also be taken into account in future studies.

     

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