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Volume 42 Issue 1
Feb.  2023
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2023  >  42(1): 71-83
YU Fei, LUO Kai, WANG Jiabin, LI Yu, ZHOU Jiao, WANG Rui, YU Yawei, ZHANG Yunyi. Characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metal accumulation in soil-crop system in the karst area with high geological background of Chongqing[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(1): 71-83. doi: 10.11932/karst20230106
Citation: YU Fei, LUO Kai, WANG Jiabin, LI Yu, ZHOU Jiao, WANG Rui, YU Yawei, ZHANG Yunyi. Characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metal accumulation in soil-crop system in the karst area with high geological background of Chongqing[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(1): 71-83. doi: 10.11932/karst20230106
shu

Characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metal accumulation in soil-crop system in the karst area with high geological background of Chongqing

doi: 10.11932/karst20230106

  • Chongqing Key Laboratory of Geological Survey For Land Quality, Southeast Sichuan Geological Group, Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration, Chongqing 400038, China

  • Received Date: 2020-11-28
    Abstract
  • Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been attracted worldwide attention for its negative effects on food safety and soil environmental quality, particularly in developing countries, e.g., China. Numerous studies investigated concentrations of heavy metals in soil in relation to different factors, such as high geological background, agricultural activities, industrial activities, mining and transportation. Generally, two different sources of heavy metal accumulated in soil have been put forward, (i) heavy metals from human activities, such as agricultural production, mining and industrial activities, urban life, and from other pollution, such as sewage irrigation, atmospheric sedimentation and incineration, and landfill of domestic waste, and (ii) heavy metals from geological background primarily due to the high content of heavy metals in the parent material itself, which leads to their accumulation in soils. According to China’s National Survey of Soil Pollution, the soil in the southwestern area of China has been heavily polluted by heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd), and the high geological background is an important factor leading to excessive heavy metals in soil. The heavy metals contained in soil is mainly derived from the primary minerals of rock. In Southwest China, karst areas are widely distributed where trace elements are rich in soil, hence presenting typical characteristics of high geochemical background. Therefore, soil ecological risk has gradually attracted extensive attention. Heavy metals migrate into soil in various forms and then are transported through the food chain, threatening food safety and human health. In order to investigate the effects of heavy metals in soil-crop systems in the karst areas with high geological background of Chongqing, 84 sets of major crops (rice, corn and sweet potato) and the top soil were collected from the south of Chongqing, and the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn and physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed and determined. Accumulation characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metals in soil and crops were analyzed and determined by geostatistics, bioenrichment factor and pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Results show that the average values of heavy metals in the top soil of karst area, which present different degree of accumulation, are higher than those of top soil in Chongqing and China. Concentrations of Cd significantly exceed the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land, with the over-standard rate of 41.59%. According to Chinese Food Safety Standard (GB 2762-2017), the contents of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn in crop samples do not exceed the national food safety standards, and the exceeding rates of Cd in rice, maize and sweet potato are 5.89%, 6.25% and 5.56%, respectively. Meanwhile, the bioenrichment factors of heavy metals in soil-crop system are all smaller than 1, which does not indicate obvious enrichment. This result illustrates that despite high levels of heavy metal elements in the surface soil in the high geological background of karst area, the levels of bioavailable heavy metals that can be absorbed and utilized by crop are low. The pearson correlation coefficient analysis shows that the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil-crop system is mainly affected by soil pH, soil texture and soil Fe and Mn oxides. The migration of heavy metals from soil to crops is inhibited by higher pH, lower SiO2 content and more iron and manganese oxides in soil.

     

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