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Volume 41 Issue 5
Dec.  2022
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2022  >  41(5): 808-824
ZHANG Yu, ZHAO Lun, LI Changhai, ZHANG Xiangzhong. Research progress of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(5): 808-824. doi: 10.11932/karst202204y10
Citation: ZHANG Yu, ZHAO Lun, LI Changhai, ZHANG Xiangzhong. Research progress of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(5): 808-824. doi: 10.11932/karst202204y10
shu

Research progress of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs

doi: 10.11932/karst202204y10
  • 1.

    Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;

  • 2.

    School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University,Beijing 100871, China

  • Received Date: 2021-12-10
    Abstract
  • The transformation of soluble rocks by paleokarst can form dissolution pores and other reservoir spaces. Especially for carbonate rocks, the development of paleokarst can greatly improve the reservoir performance of the formation and form karst reservoirs with good porosity and permeability. Paleokarst related oil and gas reservoirs are developed in many large and super-large carbonate oil and gas fields at home and abroad, such as Yurubcheno Oilfield in Russia, Yates Oilfield in the United States, Halfaya Oilfield in Iraq, Renqiu Oilfield, Tahe Oilfield, Maokou formation and Dengying formation in Sichuan Basin and Ordovician formation in Ordos Basin in China. As one of the important reservoir types in carbonate formation, the development and distribution of karst reservoirs are of great significance in the study on carbonate reservoirs. This paper systematically summarizes the previous studies on different types of karst reservoirs and the latest research progress of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs, which are of important reference value for understanding the development and distribution of karst reservoirs in oil-gas basins in China. The following problems and results can be concluded in the study of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs. There are few studies on early diagenetic karst reservoirs, and most of them focus on the formation mechanism and development characteristics of eogenetic karst reservoirs. In addition, there is no corresponding practice on how to use logging and seismic data to predict the distribution of this type of reservoir. There are many studies on supergene karst reservoirs, mainly focusing on paleogeomorphology restoration and vertical zonation. Meanwhile, many palaeogeomorphology restoration methods have been proposed, such as impression method, residual thickness method, stripping and filling method, sedimentological analysis method, sequence stratigraphy method, layer leveling method, double-interface method, well-seismic combination method and the new seismic geomorphology method. However, all of the present restoration methods of paleokarst geomorphology have their advantages and disadvantages in certain applicable scope, and can only be used to restore paleokarst geomorphology qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. How to precisely quantify the restoration of paleokarst geomorphology remains further studied. In terms of vertical zonation, many schemes have been proposed from the perspectives of runoff strength, karst space form, karst development intensity, and the characteristics of hydrodynamic action. In particular, a great deal of research and practice has been carried out on the characteristics of hydrodynamic action, and a variety of vertical zonation schemes have been put forward to divide karst vertically into 2-6 zones. But in general, although there are many schemes to divide the vertical zonation of paleokarst, a unified classification has not yet been formed. Besides, the boundary between the vertical zonation and the zonation is not clear, so it is unlikely to distinguish them quantitatively and accurately. From the case study of Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin in China, buried karst reservoirs have significant identification marks in mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry. In the prediction of buried karst reservoir, the current research is mainly focused on migration channel and fluid distribution. From the perspective of reservoir formation, the research on buried karst reservoirs at present is mainly focused on sulfate thermal reduction and hydrothermal dissolution, but there is a lack of relevant research on buried karst reservoirs affected by organic acids. As a hotspot of karst reservoir research in recent years, the studies on fault-karst reservoirs are mainly focused on the development mechanism and characterization of fault solutions, etc. The recognition, characterization and prediction of fault-karst reservoirs mainly rely on seismic data, and are significantly affected by the resolution of seismic data. There are many internal and external factors affecting the development of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs. The internal factors include lithology, development degree of primary pores, rock structure, mud and acid insoluble content, fractures, etc. The external factors mainly include sedimentary facies, rise and fall of sea levels, palaeogeomorphology, tectonic movement and paleoclimate. In terms of the prediction of paleokarst oil and gas reservoirs, the accurate prediction of karst reservoirs cannot be achieved with single geological or seismic data, because there are many factors affecting the development of karst reservoirs and many differences in the formation mechanism and development characteristics of different types of karst reservoirs. The comprehensive prediction method based on geology-log-seismic can be adopted as the mainstream of karst reservoir prediction in the future. With the continuous development of geophysics and artificial intelligence of oil and gas, the increasing new methods and technologies will be applied to karst reservoir prediction.

     

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