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Volume 41 Issue 4
Aug.  2022
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2022  >  41(4): 599-609
YU Siyao, QIN Zixuan, YANG Yanna, MAO Weina, HAO Chao, XU Mo, LIU Yang. Analysis of groundwater runoff patterns in Zhangguan-Paihuadong karst water system in the south of the Mingyue gorge anticline[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(4): 599-609. doi: 10.11932/karst20220408
Citation: YU Siyao, QIN Zixuan, YANG Yanna, MAO Weina, HAO Chao, XU Mo, LIU Yang. Analysis of groundwater runoff patterns in Zhangguan-Paihuadong karst water system in the south of the Mingyue gorge anticline[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(4): 599-609. doi: 10.11932/karst20220408
shu

Analysis of groundwater runoff patterns in Zhangguan-Paihuadong karst water system in the south of the Mingyue gorge anticline

doi: 10.11932/karst20220408
  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Geo-hazard Prevention and Geo-environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China

  • 2.

    Chongqing City Construction Investment (group) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400020, China

  • 3.

    Chongqing Survey Institute, Chongqing 400020, China

  • Received Date: 2022-03-06
    Abstract
  • The long-term interaction between groundwater and karst development in eastern Sichuan has created a unique groundwater runoff pattern and caused a complex hydrogeological problem of karst engineering. Hence, finding out the groundwater runoff pattern in the southern section of Mingyue gorge anticline is of great significance for guiding the site selection and construction of tunnel engineering in this area.Based on previous studies, hydrogeological conditions of the study area are systematically sorted out. Mingyue gorge anticline is a typical closed one in eastern Sichuan, and there is no fault in the area. Atmospheric rainfall is the main recharge source in the water system. Controlled by the boundary of the non-soluble rock formation on the two sides of anticline and topographic relief, groundwater converges and is recharged through the karst structures such as depressions and sinkholes, flowing toward the river runoff at the lowest discharge datum along the tectonic line within the region. The outlet of S05 (Paihuadong), exposed on the bank slope of Yulin river, is a main discharge point of groundwater in the system. The discharge is about 365 L·s-1 in the dry season, accounting for 95.94% of the total discharge of all natural groundwater outcrops in the study area. Main aquifers in the area are composed of carbonate rocks of Jialingjiang formation and Leikoupo formation. The lithology of T1j1 and T1j3 is mainly limestone, while the lithology of T1j2 , T1j4 and T2l is mainly dolomite. The difference of rock solubility results in different karst development in each aquifer. From the perspective of surface karst phenomenon, the area of depression and the number of falling holes developed in T1j1 and T1j3 strata respectively account for 67.38% and 69.84% of the total amount of the system. From the perspective of underground karst phenomenon, 121 karst caves have been revealed by 22 boreholes in the study area. The number of karst caves distributed in T1j1 and T1j3 strata accounts for 75.8% of the total. Statistical results of surface and underground karst phenomenon reflect that the degrees of karst in T1j1 and T1j3 strata is significantly higher than those in T1j2 , T1j4 and T2l strata. Because aquifers with different degrees of karstic distribution are intersectional in the plane, the heterogeneity of water-bearing media leads to relatively weak hydraulic connection in adjacent strata, and the groundwater level revealed by boreholes and spring points is obviously different in different layers.Results of hydrochemical analysis of 18 groups of water samples in the study area further illustrate the discontinuity of groundwater in each aquifer. HCO3-Ca type water mainly exists in T1j1 and T1j3 strata. Their conventional hydrochemical and isotope characteristics indicate that the water-rock interaction time is relatively short. Hydrochemical types of T1j2, T1j4and T2l strata are mainly HCO3·SO4-Ca and HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg. Their conventional hydrochemical and isotope characteristics indicate that the water-rock interaction time is relatively long, and the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater outcrop in strong and weak karstified strata are obviously different. From the hydrogeological profile of S01 (Zhangjiadong) to S05 (Bahuadong), the hydrochemical types of water samples S01 and ZK07 in the recharge and runoff area of the system are HCO3-Ca type, and the hydrochemical characteristics of the two are very similar. When sampling sites are located within a drainage area of the system, the hydrochemical type of groundwater near sampling sites ZK10 and S05 is changed to HCO3·SO4-Ca type, and corresponding TDS values are significantly higher than those of recharge and runoff area, indicating that groundwater in different aquifers is mixed in the system discharge area.Based on the analysis of karst hydrogeological conditions and hydrogeochemical characteristics in the study area, a runoff law of groundwater in Zhangguan-Paihuadong karst water system is summarized (groundwater in the study area generally shows a broom-like runoff pattern). In system recharge and runoff areas, a hydraulic connection between aquifers is not strong. Multiple groundwater flow systems have formed with the stratum as a unit, and groundwater carries out relatively independent bedding runoff in each layer. In the drainage area of the system, the mutual capture of each water flow system is increasingly strong. Hence, these water flow systems gradually merge into one, discharging to Yulin river through the drainage hole. In addition, according to previous research, groundwater inside the system vertically presents a multi-order nested flow system. Controlled by the discharge datum of different cutting depths, this system is successively developed into local flow system, intermediate flow system and regional flow system from the shallow part to the deep.

     

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