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Volume 41 Issue 3
Jun.  2022
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2022  >  41(3): 414-428
CAO Min, JIANG Yongjun, HE Qiufang, YIN Jianjun, YANG Yan, LI Tingyong. Review and prospect of modern monitoring and paleoclimate research in Xueyu cave group, Fengdu, Chongqing[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(3): 414-428. doi: 10.11932/karst20220309
Citation: CAO Min, JIANG Yongjun, HE Qiufang, YIN Jianjun, YANG Yan, LI Tingyong. Review and prospect of modern monitoring and paleoclimate research in Xueyu cave group, Fengdu, Chongqing[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(3): 414-428. doi: 10.11932/karst20220309
shu

Review and prospect of modern monitoring and paleoclimate research in Xueyu cave group, Fengdu, Chongqing

doi: 10.11932/karst20220309
  • 1.

    School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming,Yunnan 650500, China

  • 2.

    School of Geographical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

  • 3.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR＆GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

  • 4.

    Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming,Yunnan 650500, China

  • Received Date: 2022-04-20
    Abstract
  • Karst caves are well developed due to karstification in carbonate reservoirs. Speleothems in the caves are of great significance to evaluate the evolutionary history of past climate and environment as speleothems record all climatic and environmental information when they were formed. A comprehensive link between paleoclimate change and modern climate based on detailed monitoring, precise chronology and high-resolution records is essential to explore the correlation and interaction between climate and the earth system in the geological history. Here, we review a series of modern monitoring and stalagmite-based Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) records spanning the past 120 thousand years (ka B.P.) from Xueyu cave group, southwestern China. The Xueyu cave group includes Yangzi cave, Xueyu cave, and Shuiming cave, Xueyu cave is also a famous show cave. The three caves are all located in the Triassic limestone strata on the left bank of the Dragon river, which is the tributary of the Yangzi river, Fengdu, Chongqing. The overlying vadose zone is thick, and the elevations of the three caves are 10-100 m above the level of the Dragon river. Yangzi cave, Xueyu cave and Shuiming cave are respectively located at high-, middle- and low-elevation. These caves from different altitudes are excellent for modern monitoring and paleoclimate reconstruction. Since 2008, regular modern process monitoring has been carried out in the Xueyu cave to observe the transmission, transformation, and recording process of climate and environmental information. External air, overlying vegetation and soil, rock, precipitation, cave atmosphere (temperature, humidity, CO2, etc.), hydrochemical properties of the subterranean river, drip water, and cave deposits are monitored to understand the detailed mechanisms connecting cave environmental variables and properties of cave deposits. A monitoring program conducted from 2009 to 2016 recorded the characterization of external air temperature, precipitation, and the subterranean water temperature and PCO2 dynamics in the cave. Monthly measurements of cave air CO2 in the Xueyu cave show regular seasonal variations. High-resolution monitoring of cave air CO2 revealed the effects of rainfall events and tourist activities. Precipitation is one of the main factors responsible for transferring the CO2 signal from the soil to the cave. On a short time scale, PCO2 is significantly affected by tourist activities, but the magnitude is far less than that caused by seasonal or rainstorm-driven variation. Cave drip-water flow can be classified into two types-'fast flow' and 'slow flow', which reflects climatic events in different ways and may result in distinct speleothem paleoclimate records. Variations in drip water chemistry (Mg/Ca, and Sr/Ca) indicate that the Prior Calcite Precipitation (PCP) may occur when drip rates are slow. Only the 'slow flow' could reflect wet-dry variations as the drip rate variability can provide the primary control on trace element variations that are finally trapped in speleothems. The deposition rates are relatively high in winter, which could reach up to 0.33 mm·a−1. The isotopic and chemical variability observed in Xueyu cave drip waters also support previous interpretations of speleothem records from Yangzi cave and Shuiming cave where a series of stalagmite proxies is published. The stalagmite records of the Shuiming cave and Yangzi cave indicate that the stalagmites in this area have fast depositional rates. From 120 ka B.P. to 3 ka B.P., the variation of δ18O is basically consistent with the change curve of solar radiation at 65°N.The resolution of the dating in some periods was 269a, while the time resolution of isotopic composition is close to 88a, which successfully records some abrupt climate events at the scale of hundreds of or thousands of years , such as the Heinrich event, the 7.2 ka event, and the Little Ice Age. δ13C records of the stalagmite confirmed that the ''7.2 ka event'' started from 7.29±0.03 ka B.P. and its summit was 7.1±0.04 ka B.P. and the main drought period sustained about 50a. During the Little Ice Age, especially from 1,400-1,650 AD, δ18O records of stalagmites showed severe fluctuation, which indicated Asian summer precipitation was also in the fluctuating period. To sum up,the comprehensive comparison of paleoclimate changes based on accurate chronology and high-resolution records has good research potential in the Xueyu cave group.

     

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