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Volume 44 Issue 4
Aug.  2025
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2025  >  44(4): 854-875
WEI Yuelong, CHEN Weihai, LI Chengzhan, LUO Qukan. Relationship between sustainable development capacity of karst landscape areas and natural-human influencing factors[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 44(4): 854-875. doi: 10.11932/karst20250413
Citation: WEI Yuelong, CHEN Weihai, LI Chengzhan, LUO Qukan. Relationship between sustainable development capacity of karst landscape areas and natural-human influencing factors[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 44(4): 854-875. doi: 10.11932/karst20250413
shu

Relationship between sustainable development capacity of karst landscape areas and natural-human influencing factors

doi: 10.11932/karst20250413
  • 1.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR/International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

  • 2.

    Pingguo Guangxi, Karst Ecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Pingguo, Guangxi 531406, China

  • Received Date: 2025-03-12
  • Accepted Date: 2025-08-26
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-07-22
    • Available Online: 2025-11-07
    Abstract
  • At present, increasing human activities have brought about increasingly significant and severe adverse impacts on the sustainable development capacity of landscape areas in various karst regions around the world. In order to clarify the relationship between the Sustainable Development Capacity of Karst Landscape Areas (SDCKLA) and four influencing factors,including karst landscape, regional geology, regional natural environment, and human factors,this study combines a method of dynamic response with a systematic perspective. Based on an analysis of the composition of the SDCKLA and the main current situations and challenges these areas face, this study initially sorts out the complex dynamic response relationships, processes, and characteristics between SDCKLA and these four major influencing factors, concluding as follows: (1)The SDCKLA includes five major capabilities: development (quantity-target dimension), protection (protection dimension), sustainability (time dimension), resistance to interference (adaptability dimension), and health (quality dimension). These capabilities are measured through different specific indicators or characteristics, which collectively form a complex, dynamic, and variable system for the sustainable development capacity of karst landscape areas-similar yet distinct.(2) Karst landscapes are the resource prerequisite of the SDCKLA and serve as the common focus of other factors. The type and characteristics of karst landscapes-including their development, distribution, combinations, and six key attributes: aggregation, complexity, typicality, systematicness, completeness, and superiority-are fundamental in determining the strength of the SDCKLA. Additionally, the level, type, and area of karst landscapes exert a certain degree of influence on the strength of the SDCKLA.(3) Regional geological factors, comprising two sub-factors-regional strata (including distribution patterns, distribution area, lithology, burial, thickness, occurrence, solubility, degree of fragmentation, conditions of karst water occurrence, and water-bearing formations) and structure (including the type, intensity, and duration of tectonic movements, as well as faults, folds, joints, fractures, terrain, topography, and erosion base level)-provide an overall stable, consistent, yet distinct material foundation and inherent conditions for the SDCKLA. These factors control and influence the strength of the SDCKLA at both the material and structural levels. (4) Regional natural environment factors provide relatively brief but complex and varied external natural environment conditions with timely changes for the SDCKLA.①Water (including its types, hydrodynamic conditions, chemical characteristics, flow parameters, and water quality parameters, etc.) directly participates in the sustainable development process of karst landscape areas through hydrodynamic changes and directly controls and influences the strength of the SDCKLA. ② Air (including CO2 content, exchange volume, pollution level, air quality index, etc.) and climate (including climate type, precipitation, temperature, climate stability, etc.) directly participate in the sustainable development process of landscape areas through the changes in CO2 content and their inherent characteristics, respectively, thereby affecting the strength of the SDCKLA. ③ Soil (including soil type, CO2 content, thickness, aeration property, its utilization and contamination degree, etc.) and organisms (including plants, animals, microorganisms, their respective characteristics, rate of vegetation cover, biodiversity, etc.) indirectly participate in the process of sustainable development of landscape areas by changing soil CO2 content and metabolic behavior, respectively, thus influencing the strength of the SDCKLA. ④ These five sub-factors are mutually integrated, complementary, and interactive. (5) Human factors encompass the specific decision-making and operational elements and serve as the central nerve of the SDCKLA. The SDCKLA is realized, maintained, and enhanced mainly through scientific research (“think tank”), development and utilization (“implementer”), protection (“guardian”), and by changing the characteristics of other factors and their interrelationships (“double-edged sword”), which may have favorable or unfavorable effects, and the ways and degrees of effects are closely and positively correlated with the manner and intensity of human activities. Based on the aforementioned research and by integrating the types, characteristics, relationships, and patterns of karst landscapes, this study discusses regulation techniques and measures to enhance the sustainable development capacity of point, linear, and areal landscapes. This approach follows the concept of “individual → local →whole”, strengthening scientific research, formulating rational and evidenced-based plans, reducing geological disaster risks, implementing ecological restoration, optimizing the environmental, enhancing tourism appeal, scientifically regulating tourist numbers, conducting comprehensive regulation, establishing a monitoring systems, and developing a long-term operation and management system. These efforts aim to cultivate new high-quality productivity in karst tourism characterized by diverse types, distinctive features, and varied styles.

     

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