Advanced Search
  • Included in CSCD
  • Chinese Core Journals
  • Included in WJCI Report
  • Included in Scopus, CA, DOAJ, EBSCO, JST
  • The Key Magazine of China Technology
Volume 43 Issue 5
Dec.  2024
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2024  >  43(5): 1076-1087
XING Yuxin, YUAN Hong, JI Xiangtong, DUAN Chenglong, JIANG Jun, LIU Shanpeng, LIU Peng. Response relationships among CEC, mechanical compositions and mineral types in typical karst soil[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 43(5): 1076-1087. doi: 10.11932/karst2024y037
Citation: XING Yuxin, YUAN Hong, JI Xiangtong, DUAN Chenglong, JIANG Jun, LIU Shanpeng, LIU Peng. Response relationships among CEC, mechanical compositions and mineral types in typical karst soil[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 43(5): 1076-1087. doi: 10.11932/karst2024y037
shu

Response relationships among CEC, mechanical compositions and mineral types in typical karst soil

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y037
  • 1.

    College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004

  • Received Date: 2024-05-27
  • Accepted Date: 2024-08-23
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-08-22
    • Available Online: 2024-12-30
    Abstract
  • In this study, a total of 146 profile samples were collected from 32 soil profile sampling sites in nine towns and cities in typical karst areas of Hunan Province. The physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed through field investigation, excavation, and collection and description of soil profiles of limestone weathering parent materials. The relationships among soil CEC contents, mechanical compositions, and soil mineral types were also explored. The research findings laid a foundation for modification, fertilization and ecological restoration of karst soil.According to the Technical Specifications for Soil Analysis, the determination of soil physicochemical properties was conducted as follows: the soil pH values were measured by potentiometry. Both soil organic matters and total nitrogen contents in soil were determined by potassium dichromate heating method. Soil bulk density was measured by cutting ring method, while total phosphorus was assessed through the digestion-Mo-Sb anti-spectrophotometric method. Total potassium was analyzed via flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium were quantified by EDTA titration method, and exchangeable sodium and potassium were also measued by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The composition of soil particles was determined by pipette method, and the particle fraction was classified based on the system of United States (2.00–0.05 mm for sand, 0.050–0.002 mm for silt, and <0.002 mm for clay). Types of clay minerals were determined by X-Ray diffraction. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was determined by ammonium acetate centrifugal exchange method. The effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was calculated in the following formula: [cmol·kg−1]= H++Al3+(⅓Al3+) + total extractability base.The results shows as follows. (1) The CEC contents of typical karst soil in Hunan ranged between 2.71–13.9 cmol·kg−1, with an average value of 16.70±5.62 cmol·kg−1. The sample values exhibited considerable variability. The average soil ECEC was 8.86±3.75 cmol·kg−1, sigificantly lower than soil CEC. The particulate composition of soil was mainly silt and clay, resulting in a heavy texture and poor permeability in the study area. Based on the American grading method for soil fertilizer retention capacity combined with the measurement data, it was observed that the soil fertilizer retention capacity in the study area predominantly fell within the medium to strong levels, but the soil fertilizer capacity was inadequate. (2) The particulate compositions of soil followed a trend of clay>silt>sand, encompassing nine texture types. The soil samples with clay texture constituted the largest proportion of 31.50%. This was followed by silty loam and silty clay loam, which accounted for 30.14% and 27.40%, respectively. The soil samples from the study area included five distinct mineral types: siliceous hybrid, illite hybrid, kaolinite, kaolinite hybrid and hybrid. The hybrid soil exhibited the highest sand content, while the siliceous hybrid had the highest content of powder silt, and the kaolinite hybrid contained the most clay. The CEC and ECEC contents were the highest in illite hybrid and lowest in hybrid soil. In general, the soil texture of the 146 samples was primarily clay, silty loam and silty clay loam, resulting in heavy and compact soil that adversely affected the air permeability and drainage of soil. (3) CEC exhibited a highly significant correlation with both silt and clay content, while showing no significant correlation with sand. Soil ECEC was not significantly correlated with any of the soil particles; however, it demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation with soil pH, organic matter content and total phosphorus content (P<0.01). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between ECEC and total potassium content, indicating a relationship between ECEC and the primary physicochemical properties of soil. This suggests that ECEC may influence the soil characteristics more effectively than CEC and could have a greater impact on soil fertility. (4) The primary exchangeable ions were Ca2+ and Mg2+, with soil CEC showing an extremely significant positive correlation with K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ (P<0.01). Furthermore, soil ECEC was significantly positively correlated with K+, and extremely significantly positively correlated with Ca2+ and Mg2+ (P<0.01). Soil CEC was not correlated with mineral type, while ECEC was highly significantly negatively correlated with mineral type. The contents of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ in soil exchangeable salt-based ions also had an effect on the contents of CEC and ECEC in soils of different mineral types.In this study, soil CEC was found to be extremely significantly negatively correlated with silt contents. Conversely, there was a highly significant positive correlation with clay contents. This indicates that in karst soil, finer soil particles contribute to a more compact structure, which enhances soil cation exchange and improves soil fertilizer retention quality. However, the fertilizer environment can limit the nutrient cycle between soil and crops. By adjusting the proportions of silt and clay in soil, it is possible to increase the CEC value and enhance soil fertility. Although no significant correlation was observed between ECEC and soil particle compositions, ECEC was found to be significantly positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic matter contents, exchangeable Ca2+ and exchangeable Mg2+. Additionally, it exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with soil mineral types, which better reflects the synergistic effects of soil fertility conservation and nutrient supply.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(46)
  • [1]
    鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 第3版[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
    [2]
    胡梦颖, 张鹏鹏, 徐进力, 刘彬, 张灵火, 杜雪苗, 白金峰. CEC前处理系统-凯氏定氮仪快速测定土壤中的阳离子交换量[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(2):458-463.

    HU Mengying, ZHANG Pengpeng, XU Jinli, LIU Bin, ZHANG Linghuo, DU Xuemiao, BAI Jinfeng. Rapid determination of soil cation exchange capacity using a cation exchange capacity pretreatment system and a Kjeldahl apparatus[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(2): 458-463.
    [3]
    杨树俊, 韩张雄, 王思远, 端爱玲, 孙东年, 李敏. 土壤阳离子交换量与有机质, 机械组成的关系[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(7):2799-2805.

    YANG Shujun, HAN Zhangxiong, WANG Siyuan, DUAN Ailing, SUN Dongnian, LI Min. The relationship between cation exchange capacity and organic matter, mechanical composition in soil[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(7): 2799-2805.
    [4]
    岳祥飞, 李衍青, 刘鹏. 广西岩溶区灌木林地凋落物:土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J]. 中国岩溶, 2023, 42(5):1106-1116.

    YUE Xiangfei, LI Yanqing, LIU Peng. Stoichiometric characteristics of C, N and P in soil and litter of shrublands in karst areas of Guangxi[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(5): 1106-1116.
    [5]
    刘贺永, 何鹏, 蔡江平, 王汝振, 殷进飞, 杨山, 张玉革. 模拟氮沉降对内蒙古典型草地土壤 pH 和电导率的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2016, 47(1):85-91.

    LIU Heyong, HE Peng, CAI Jiangping, WANG Ruzhen, YIN Jinfei, YANG Shan, ZHANG Yuge. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil pH and electric conductivity in a typical grassland of Inner Mongolia[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(1): 85-91.
    [6]
    许安定, 周鑫斌, 苏婷婷, 张璐, 杨超, 谢德体, 石孝均. 土地整理对烟田土壤理化及生物学性状的影响[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 38(3):156-164.

    XU Anding, ZHOU Xinbin, SU Tingting, ZHANG Lu, YANG Chao, XIE Deti, SHI Xiaojun. Effects of land consolidation on soil physical, chemical and biological properties on hilly land[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2016, 38(3): 156-164.
    [7]
    吴敏, 韦家少, 孙海东, 何鹏, 吴炳孙, 高乐. 生物质炭对橡胶园土壤酸度及交换性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2017, 19(3):98-107.

    WU Min, WEI Jiashao, SUN Haidong, HE Peng, WU Bingsun, GAO Le. Effects of biocarbon acidify and exchangeable capacity of the granite-derived ferralsol in rubber plantation[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, 19(3): 98-107.
    [8]
    陈秋帆, 卢琦, 王妍, 刘云根. 西南石漠化区林下土壤养分特征及差异性[J]. 中国岩溶, 2023, 42(2):290-300.

    CHEN Qiufan, LU Qi, WANG Yan, LIU Yungen. Nutrient characteristics and differences of forest soil in rocky desertification areas of Southwest China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(2): 290-300.
    [9]
    王国梁, 周生路, 赵其国. 土壤颗粒的体积分形维数及其在土地利用中的应用[J]. 土壤学报, 2005, 42(4):545-550.

    WANG Guoliang, ZHOU Shenglu, ZHAO Qiguo. Volume fractal dimension of soil particles and its applications to land use[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2005, 42(4): 545-550.
    [10]
    杨培岭, 罗远培, 石元春. 用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J]. 科学通报, 1993, 38(20):1896-1899. doi: 10.1360/csb1993-38-20-1896
    [11]
    Tyler S W, Wheatcraft S W. Application of fractal mathematics to soil water retention estimation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1989, 53(4): 987-996. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300040001x
    [12]
    白永会, 查轩, 吴伟成, 周飞华. 植被恢复花岗岩红壤土壤颗粒组成及土壤养分储量特征[J]. 水土保持研究, 2024, 31(3):179-186.

    BAI Yonghui, ZHA Xuan, WU Weicheng, ZHOU Feihua. Characteristics of soil particle composition and soil nutrient storage in vegetated granite red soil[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2024, 31(3): 179-186.
    [13]
    Komeg K, Enangr K, Tabif O, Yerimabp K. Influence of clay minerals on some soil fertility attributes: A review[J]. Open Journal of Soil Science, 2019, 9(9): 155-188.
    [14]
    Ruehlmann J. Soil particle density as affected by soil texture and soil organic matter: 1. Partitioning of SOM in conceptional fractions and derivation of a variable SOC to SOM conversion factor[J]. Geoderma, 2020, 375: 114542.
    [15]
    Zhang J H, Li G D, Ding S Y, Tian H W, Ren X J, Liu M, Zheng Y P. Distribution characteristics of soil particles and their relationships with soil organic carbon components in the alluvial/ sedimentary zone in the lower reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, 10: 849565.
    [16]
    黄尚书, 叶川, 钟义军, 成艳红, 武琳, 黄欠如, 郑伟, 孙永明, 张昆, 章新亮. 不同土地利用方式对红壤坡地土壤阳离子交换量及交换性盐基离子的影响[J]. 土壤与作物, 2016, 5(2):72-77.

    HUANG Shangshu, YE Chuan, ZHONG Yijun, CHENG Yanhong, WU Lin, HUANG Qianru, ZHENG Wei, SUN Yongming, ZHANG Kun, ZHANG Xinliang. Soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cations as affected by land use pattern in sloping farmland of red soil[J]. Soils and Crops, 2016, 5(2): 72-77.
    [17]
    于耀泓, 刘悦, 王艺颖, 周庆, 龙凤玲, 赵倩, 何茜, 莫其锋. 鹅凰嶂山地雨林土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基离子分布特征[J]. 土壤通报, 2022, 53(6):1341-1349.

    YU Yaohong, LIU Yue, WANG Yiying, ZHOU Qing, LONG Fengling, ZHAO Qian, HE Qian, MO Qifeng. Distribution of soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable based cations in the E'huangzhang montane rain forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2022, 53(6): 1341-1349.
    [18]
    陈萍, 何文寿. 不同盐化土壤理化性质差异研究[J]. 农业科学研究, 2016, 37(3):36-39.

    CHEN Ping, HE Wenshou. A study of soil physicochemical properties for different levels of salinization[J]. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 37(3): 36-39.
    [19]
    Caravaca F, Lax A, Albaladejo J. Organic matter, nutrient contents and cation exchange capacity in fine fractions from semiarid calcareous soils[J]. Geoderma, 1999, 93(3-4): 161-176. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7061(99)00045-2
    [20]
    张水清, 黄绍敏, 郭斗斗. 河南三种土壤阳离子交换量相关性及预测模型研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2011, 42(3):627-631.

    ZHANG Shuiqing, HUANG Shaomin, GUO Doudou. The correlations and prediction models of cation exchange capacity in three soils in Henan[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 42(3): 627-631.
    [21]
    许冀泉. 国外土壤矿物学研究近况[J]. 干旱区研究, 1986(3):28-40.
    [22]
    姚乃慈, 赵旻爽, 张志丹, 张晋京, 何念鹏, 钟佳君. 不同气候带森林土壤粘粒矿物XRD物相分析[J]. 矿物学报, 2021, 41(6):668-678.

    YAO Naichi, ZHAO Minshuang, ZHANG Zhidan, ZHANG Jinjing, HE Nianpeng, ZHONG Jiajun. The XRD phase analysis of clay minerals in the forest soils of different climate zones[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2021, 41(6): 668-678.
    [23]
    刘智杰, 黄丽, 李峰, Ndzana Georges Martial, 周方亮, 李小坤, 鲁剑巍. 长期施肥对土壤颗粒粘粒矿物组成及其演变特征的影响[J]. 矿物学报, 2018, 39(5):563-571.

    LIU Zhijie, HUANG Li, LI Feng, Ndzana Georges Martial, ZHOU Fangliang, LI Xiaokun, LU Jianwei. Effect of long-term fertilization on the composition and evolution of clay minerals in soil particles[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2018, 39(5): 563-571.
    [24]
    Tsao T M, Chen Y M, Sheu H S, Zhuang S Y, Shao P H, Chen H W, Chiang K Y. Red soil chemistry and mineralogy reflect uniform weathering environments in fluvial sediments, Taiwan[J]. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 2012, 12: 1054-1065.
    [25]
    李丰义, 宋桂云, 张庆昕, 范富. 西辽河平原两种常见土壤颗粒中黏土矿物的组成特征[J]. 土壤通报, 2023, 54(5):1009-1016.

    LI Fengyi, SONG Guiyun, ZHANG Qingxin, FAN Fu. Composition characteristics of clay minerals from chestnut and saline soil particles in west Liaohe river plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2023, 54(5): 1009-1016.
    [26]
    杜森, 高祥照. 土壤分析技术规范 (第二版)[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2006.
    [27]
    张甘霖, 龚子同. 土壤调查实验室分析方法[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2012.

    ZHANG Ganlin, GONG Zitong. Soil survey laboratory methods[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012.
    [28]
    童根平, 姜霓雯, 傅伟军, 叶正钱. 清凉峰自然保护区土壤阳离子交换量的剖面分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2023, 51(2): 111-115.

    TONG Genping, JIANG Niwen, FU Weijun, YE Zhengqian. Profile distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil cation exchange capacity in Low Mountain Natural Forest Land in South China[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2023, 51(2): 111-115.
    [29]
    欧阳宁相. 湖南省典型红壤在土壤系统分类中的归属与发生特征[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2021.

    OUYANG Ningxiang. Attribution of typical red earth of Hunan Province in China soil taxonomy and their genetic characteristics[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2021.
    [30]
    李海涛. 白皮沙拐枣根系与环境关系的初步研究[J]. 新疆农业大学学报, 1996, 19(1):56-61.

    LI Haitao. The preliminary study on the relation between Calligonum leucocladum and its environment[J]. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 1996, 19(1): 56-61.
    [31]
    张佛熠, 承勇, 阳雅荧, 韦培, 金涛涛, 凌婉茹, 尹婕, 刘玮, 王琼. 南昌不同城市化强度土壤粒度组成和分形特征及其影响因素[J]. 土壤, 2023, 55(5):1138-1145.

    ZHANG Foyi, CHENG Yong, YANG Yaying, WEI Pei, JIN Taotao, LING Wanru, YIN Jie, LIU Wei, WANG Qiong. Particle size composition, fractal characteristics and influencing factors of soils with different urbanization intensities in Nanchang[J]. Soils, 2023, 55(5): 1138-1145.
    [32]
    彭新华, 张斌, 赵其国. 土壤有机碳库与土壤结构稳定性关系的研究进展[J]. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(4):618-623. doi: 10.11766/trxb200308110419

    PENG Xinhua, ZHANG Bin, ZHAO Qiguo. A review on relationship between soil organic carbon pools and soil structure stability[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004, 41(4): 618-623. doi: 10.11766/trxb200308110419
    [33]
    Gao G L, Ding G D, Zhao Y Y, Wu B, Zhang Y Q, Guo J B, Liu Y D. Characterization of soil particle size distribution with a fractal model in the desertified regions of Northern China[J]. Acta Geophysica, 2015, 64(1): 1-14.
    [34]
    朱梦雪, 赵洋毅, 王克勤, 段旭, 卢华兴, 涂晓云. 中亚热带不同演替森林群落土壤结构分形特征对大孔隙的影响[J]. 林业科学研究, 2022, 35(2):67-77.

    ZHU Mengxue, ZHAO Yangyi, WANG Keqin, DUAN Xu, LU Huaxing, TU Xiaoyun. Effect of fractal characteristics of soil structure on macropores in different succession forest communities in mid-subtropical region[J]. Forest Research, 2022, 35(2): 67-77.
    [35]
    周雷, 曲潇琳, 周涛, 马常宝, 李建兵, 龙怀玉, 徐爱国, 张认连, 李格. 宁夏土壤颗粒组成特点及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(21):4272-4287. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.011

    ZHOU Lei, QU Xiaolin, ZHOU Tao, MA Changbao, LI Jianbing, LONG Huaiyu, XU Aiguo, ZHANG Renlian, LI Ge. Analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of soil particle composition in Ningxia[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(21): 4272-4287. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.011
    [36]
    张世熔, 邓良基, 周倩, 伍国锋. 耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形维数及其与主要土壤特性的关系[J]. 土壤学报, 2002, 39(2):221-226.

    ZHANG Shirong, DENG Liangji, ZHOU Qian, WU Guofeng. Fractal dimensions of particle surface in the plowed layers and their relationships with main soil properties[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2002, 39(2): 221-226.
    [37]
    王文艳, 张丽萍, 刘俏. 黄土高原小流域土壤阳离子交换量分布特征及影响因子[J]. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(5):123-127.

    WANG Wenyan, ZHANG Liping, LIU Qiao. Distribution and affecting factors of soil cation exchange capacity in watershed of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 26(5): 123-127.
    [38]
    王圣, 陈科希, 袁源远, 王泓汇, 魏宗强, 吴建富, 卢志红. 江西省旱地土壤质地与土壤化学性状的相关性研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2021(6):65-71.

    WANG Sheng, CHEN Kexi, YUAN Yuanyuan, WANG Honghui, WEI Zongqiang, WU Jianfu, LU Zhihong. Correlation between soil texture and soil chemical properties in dry land of Jiangxi Province[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2021(6): 65-71.
    [39]
    杨家伟, 王天巍, 包莹莹, 罗梦雨, 李德成. 黏粒阳离子交换量估测模型的优化研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2021, 58(2):514-525.

    YANG Jiawei, WANG Tianwei, BAO Yingying, LUO Mengyu, LI Decheng. Optimization of the model for predicting cation exchange capacity of clays[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2021, 58(2): 514-525.
    [40]
    徐明岗, 张建新, 张航, 安战士. 黑垆土、黄褐土等土壤阳离子交换量影响因素的研究[J]. 土壤通报, 1991, 22(3):108-110, 127.
    [41]
    刘世全, 蒲王琳, 张世熔, 王昌全, 邓良基. 西藏土壤阳离子交换量的空间变化和影响因素研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(5):1-5.

    LIU Shiquan, PU Wanglin, ZHANG Shirong, WANG Changquan, DENG Liangji. Spatial change and affecting factors of soil cation exchange capacity in Tibet[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 18(5): 1-5.
    [42]
    俞月凤, 曾成城, 宋同清, 彭晚霞, 何铁光. 桂西北喀斯特区石灰土矿物质的空间变异特征[J]. 中国岩溶, 2023, 42(3):509-516, 527.

    YU Yuefeng, ZENG Chengcheng, SONG Tongqing, PENG Wanxia, HE Tieguang. Spatial variation of limestone soil minerals in a karst area of northwestern Guangxi[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(3): 509-516, 527.
    [43]
    赵之重. 青海省土壤阳离子交换量与有机质和机械组成关系的研究[J]. 青海农林科技, 2004(4):4-6.

    ZHAO Zhizhong. Study on relationship between organic matter, soil fractions and CEC in Qinghai soil[J]. Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry, 2004(4): 4-6.
    [44]
    马毅杰. 土矿物和有机质对土壤胶体表面积影响[J]. 土壤, 1984, 16(1):31.

    MA Yijie. Effect of soil minerals and organic matter on soil colloidal surface area[J]. Soils, 1984, 16(1): 31.
    [45]
    蒋梅茵, 杨德涌, 熊毅. 中国土壤胶体研究:Ⅷ. 五种主要土壤的粘粒矿物组成[J]. 土壤学报, 1982, 19(1):62-70, 98.

    JIANG Meiyin, YANG Deyong, HSEUNG Yi. Soil colloid researches Ⅷ. The mineralogical composition of the colloids of five important soils in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1982, 19(1): 62-70, 98.
    [46]
    赵烨. 环境地学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2007.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索
    Get Citation
    PDF(1469.0KB)
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (50) PDF downloads(10) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Website Copyright © CARSOLOGICA SINICA 桂ICP备05009877号-1

    Sponsor: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Sponsored by: Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Address: No.50, Qixing Road, Guilin, Guangxi

    Post Code: 541004 Tel: 0773-5812949 7796657 Email: zgyr@mail.cgs.gov.cn; zgyrbjb@163.com

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return