Advanced Search
  • Included in CSCD
  • Chinese Core Journals
  • Included in WJCI Report
  • Included in Scopus, CA, DOAJ, EBSCO, JST
  • The Key Magazine of China Technology
Volume 43 Issue 2
Apr.  2024
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2024  >  43(2): 272-278, 335
HE Qing, CHEN Xi, ZHANG Zhicai, CHENG Qinbo. Indicative function of karst spring temperatures on rainfall-flow response[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 43(2): 272-278, 335. doi: 10.11932/karst2024y003
Citation: HE Qing, CHEN Xi, ZHANG Zhicai, CHENG Qinbo. Indicative function of karst spring temperatures on rainfall-flow response[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 43(2): 272-278, 335. doi: 10.11932/karst2024y003
shu

Indicative function of karst spring temperatures on rainfall-flow response

doi: 10.11932/karst2024y003
  • 1.

    College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

  • Received Date: 2023-10-16
    Available Online: 2024-04-28
    Abstract
  • Karst in Southwest China is located in hot and humid climate region. Strong dissolution produces various combinations of soil, rock fractures and conduits. Therefore, the hydrogeological heterogeneity in this area contributes the difficulty to the identification of various precipitation recharge formations and multiple flow components. Tracers, such as stable isotopes, electrical conductivity, and chemical ions, have been widely used to aid our understanding of hydrological processes. Compared to these tracers, the temperature is a much cheaper alternative for high spatial-temporal resolution monitoring. In this study, the dynamics of hydrograph and temperatures in atmosphere, soils and spring water were used to trace hydrological processes of precipitation infiltration, recharge into conduits and flow exchange between conduits and fractures. Taking a hillslope spring of Chenqi basin in the karst area of Southwest China as the study area, we compared variations in atmospheric temperatures, soil temperatures, spring water temperatures before and after 21 rainfall events from the middle May to the middle September in the years of 2016 and 2017. In addition, on the basis of heat-water transfer mechanism of soil, surface karst zones, and karst conduits in spring areas, we identified the infiltration and recharge modes of different types of rainfall and the effects of fast and slow flows on the decline of spring discharge, in order to reveal the formation mechanism of runoff and infiltration recharge in karst areas. Results show that soil temperatures were much higher than spring discharge temperatures, and rainfall infiltration could sufficiently lowered soil temperatures and spring discharge temperatures in the study period. However, for the 21 rainfall events, the discharge temperatures varied in the rising phase of hydrograph because of different extents of heat mixture between the cool infiltration water and warm soils/rocks at ground surface. These differences were proven to be related with three types of precipitation infiltration and recharge, i.e. recharge by dispersed infiltration, recharge by concentrated infiltration of shallow runoff and direct recharge by concentrated rainfall. The study indicates that the recharge by dispersed infiltration occurred in the rainfall that was not heavy but lasted for a long time. In such type of rainfall, the spring discharge temperatures showed a slow rise with the increase of discharge. This phenomenon was attributed to the fact that the long-term thermal conduction in soils or small fractures heated infiltration water. However, as rainfall became more intensive but lasted for shorter time, the recharge by concentrated infiltration of shallow runoff and the direct recharge by concentrated rainfall dominated the rise of hydrograph. When the shallow runoff was developed, the spring discharge temperatures showed a decline after a rapid increase in the rising phase of hydrograph. This research finding indicates that both thermal conduction and convection affected discharge temperatures. The thermal conduction of infiltration in soils or small fractures played a role in heating infiltration water, and thus in raising discharge temperatures. In contrast, the thermal convection via large fractures and sinkholes made the cool water (e.g., the rainfall and runoff in the flow peak) into conduits, which lowered discharge temperatures. The direct recharge by concentrated rainfall only occurred in extremely heavy but short rainfall. For such type of rainfall, the spring discharge temperatures showed a short and rapid increase in the rising phase of hydrograph, which can be inferred that the thermal convection may control discharge temperatures. Furthermore, in the recession period of hydrograph, variations in the spring discharge and temperatures can be used to distinguish mixture of the cool water in small fractures (slow flow) with conduit flow (fast flow). In the early recession period, the hydrograph maintained a high discharge and receded at a slow rate but discharge temperatures declined at a great rate, which indicated that there was a large amount of cool water in small fractures releasing to conduits. In the late recession period, the spring discharge receded to a stable state and its temperature remained steady and lowest, which can be inferred that water release from small fractures to conduits significantly reduced. The study results demonstrate that the temperature information is useful in tracing the complicated hydrological processes while more observations particularly those in epikarst and conduits are needed to increase the tracing reliability.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(18)
  • [1]
    李潇, 漆继红, 许模. 西南典型紧窄褶皱小尺度浅层岩溶水系统特征及隧道涌水分析[J]. 中国岩溶, 2020, 39(3):375-383.

    LI Xiao, QI Jihong, XU Mo. Analysis on the characteristics of small-scale shallow karst water systems in typical tight-narrow folds and tunnel water inrush in Southwestern China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2020, 39(3): 375-383.
    [2]
    王宇. 西南岩溶区岩溶水系统分类、特征及勘查评价要点[J]. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(2):114-119.

    WANG Yu. Classification, characteristics and key points of exploration and evaluation of karst water system in southwest karst area[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2002, 21(2): 114-119.
    [3]
    王宇. 岩溶高原地下水径流系统垂向分带[J]. 中国岩溶, 2018, 37(1):1-8. doi: 10.11932/karst20180101

    WANG Yu. Vertical zoning of groundwater runoff system in karst plateau[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2018, 37(1): 1-8. doi: 10.11932/karst20180101
    [4]
    Streltsova T D. Hydrodynamics of groundwater flow in a fractured formation[J]. Water Resources Research, 1976, 12(3): 405-414. doi: 10.1029/WR012i003p00405
    [5]
    Zhang Zhicai, Chen Xi, Cheng Qinbo, Soulsby Chris. Storage dynamics, hydrological connectivity and flux ages in a karst catchment: Conceptual modelling using stable isotopes[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2019, 23(1): 51-71. doi: 10.5194/hess-23-51-2019
    [6]
    董林垚, 唐文坚, 陈建耀, 何敏. 温度示踪界面水文过程研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(4):21-26, 33.

    DONG Linyao, TANG Wenjian, CHEN Jianyao, HE Min. Interfacial hydrological process of heat tracing: Research progresses and development trends[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(4): 21-26, 33.
    [7]
    Doucette Ryan, Peterson Eric W. Identifying water sources in a karst aquifer using thermal signatures[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 72(12): 5171-5182. doi: 10.1007/s12665-014-3387-2
    [8]
    Luhmann Andrew J, Covington Matthew D, Peters Andrew J, Alexander Scott C, Anger Cale T, Green Jeffrey A, Runkel Anthony C, Alexander Jr E Calvin. Classification of thermal patterns at karst springs and cave streams[J]. Groundwater, 2011, 49(3): 324-335. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00737.x
    [9]
    Pierre Genthon, Arnaud Bataille, André Fromant, Dominique D''Hulst, Francois Bourges. Temperature as a marker for karstic waters hydrodynamics. Inferences from 1 year recording at La Peyrére cave (Ariège, France)[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2005, 311(3): 157-171.
    [10]
    Grace W Su, James Jasperse, Donald Seymour, Jim Constantz. Estimation of hydraulic conductivity in an alluvial system using temperatures[J]. Groundwater, 2010, 42(6): 890-901.
    [11]
    马瑞, 董启明, 孙自永, 郑春苗. 地表水与地下水相互作用的温度示踪与模拟研究进展[J]. 地质科技情报, 2013, 32(2):131-137.

    MA Rui, DONG Qiming, SUN Ziyong, ZHENG Chunmiao. Using heat to trace and model the surface water-groundwater interactions: A review[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2013, 32(2): 131-137.
    [12]
    张志才, 陈喜, 石朋, 董贵明, 束龙仓, 马建良. 贵州喀斯特峰丛山体土壤水分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(5):803-807. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-8227.2008.05.026

    ZHANG Zhicai, CHEN Xi, SHI Peng, DONG Guiming, SHU Longcang, MA Jianliang. Characteristics of soil moisture distribution and its influence factor in the karst cluster-peach mountain[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2008, 17(5): 803-807. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-8227.2008.05.026
    [13]
    张志才. 西南喀斯特流域分布式水文模型及其应用[D]. 南京:河海大学(南京), 2009.

    ZHANG Zhicai. Study and application of a distributed hydrological model for karstic watershed in Southwest China[D]. Nanjing: Hohai University(Nanjing), 2009.
    [14]
    Zhang Runrun, Chen Xi, Zhang Zhicai, Chris Soulsby. Using hysteretic behaviour and hydrograph classification to identify hydrological function across the "hillslope−depression−stream" continuum in a karst catchment[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2020, 34(16): 3464-3480. doi: 10.1002/hyp.13793
    [15]
    White W B. Groundwater flow and transport in karst. In: Delleur J W. The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering[M]. USA: CRC Press LLC, 1999.
    [16]
    Cheng Qinbo, Chen Xi, Tao Min, Binley Andrew. Characterization of karst structures using quasi-3D electrical resistivity tomography[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2019, 78(9): 285.
    [17]
    Zhang Zhicai, Chen Xi, Cheng Qinbo, Soulsby Chris. Using StorAge Selection (SAS) functions to understand flow paths and age distributions in contrasting karst groundwater systems[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 602: 126785.
    [18]
    Zhang Zhicai, Chen Xi, Chen Xunhong, Shi Peng. Quantifying time lag of epikarst-spring hydrograph response to rainfall using correlation and spectral analyses[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2013, 21(7): 1619-1631. doi: 10.1007/s10040-013-1041-9
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索
    Get Citation
    PDF(1718.0KB)
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (158) PDF downloads(282) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Website Copyright © CARSOLOGICA SINICA 桂ICP备05009877号-1

    Sponsor: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Sponsored by: Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Address: No.50, Qixing Road, Guilin, Guangxi

    Post Code: 541004 Tel: 0773-5812949 7796657 Email: zgyr@mail.cgs.gov.cn; zgyrbjb@163.com

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return