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Volume 42 Issue 5
Oct.  2023
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2023  >  42(5): 940-955
WEI Kai, WANG Yanling, ZHAO Zhiwei, WU Yanan, ZHAI Daiting, YAN Baizhong. Dynamic characteristics of groundwater level and exploitable amount of groundwater source in Jiuxian county, Tai'an[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(5): 940-955. doi: 10.11932/karst20230507
Citation: WEI Kai, WANG Yanling, ZHAO Zhiwei, WU Yanan, ZHAI Daiting, YAN Baizhong. Dynamic characteristics of groundwater level and exploitable amount of groundwater source in Jiuxian county, Tai'an[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(5): 940-955. doi: 10.11932/karst20230507
shu

Dynamic characteristics of groundwater level and exploitable amount of groundwater source in Jiuxian county, Tai'an

doi: 10.11932/karst20230507
  • 1.

    No.5 Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resource, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Karst Collapse Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China

  • 3.

    School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China

  • Received Date: 2023-04-20
  • Accepted Date: 2023-07-28
  • Rev Recd Date: 2023-07-28
    Abstract
  • In this study, the effect of human activities on the evolution characteristics of groundwater levels in the water source area of Jiuxian county and its influencing factors have been discussed, based on the data of groundwater levels, annual precipitation, groundwater mining output and karst collapse in the study area from 1980 to 2021. The critical groundwater level to prevent karst collapse has also been determined. In addition, based on Modflow-GWM software, a coupled simulation model for the flow and management of karst water system in Tai'an City and Jiuxian county has been constructed, thereby exploring the allowable extraction of water resources in terms of the karst collapse prevention. The research results indicate that, (1) The annual dynamics of interstitial water are significantly affected by precipitation, with the lowest annual water level in late June and the annual highest from late August to late September during the rainy season, presenting the characteristics of "precipitation-replenishment" type. The dynamics of karst groundwater within the year are affected by the obstruction of pore water discharge in the Quaternary system. The highest water level within the year generally lags slightly behind the concentration from September to October, while the lowest water level occurs from May to June. The groundwater level changes by about 5 meters within the year. The water level changes exhibit a characteristic of "a low water level in the dry season and a high water level in the wet season", and the dynamic changes of water levels are characterized with the type of "precipitation infiltration-mining". (2) The groundwater level in the water source area of Jiuxian county showed a significant downward trend from 1980 to 1990, and the karst groundwater level showed a basic fluctuation and decline from 1990 to 2003. The groundwater level in the water source area has increased significantly since 2004. (3) Since 1988, the water source area in Jiuxian county has entered a period of high incidence of karst collapse. From then on to 1994, the water level had rebounded, fluctuating between 96 m and 108 m and was located near the bedrock surface. This period had also experienced a high incidence of karst collapse in this area, with the collapse area expanding northward from Jiuxian county to the Yuanzhuang-Yanglou area. After 1995, the intensity of karst collapse in the area decreased, but there still occurred collapse from time to time. By 2001 the development period of karst collapse in the area, the water level showed an overall downward trend and fluctuated above and below the bedrock surface, with an elevation of 95–110 m. In the first half of 2003, high-intensity mining continued, with water levels ranging from 86 m to 98 m. In 2013, the high-intensity mining in the rainy season and continuous low water levels caused geological disasters of high-intensity karst collapse at a large-scale. Since 2005, water levels have shown an overall upward trend, fluctuating between 106 m and 116 m above the bedrock surface. During this period, one time of collapse occurred in 2006, and no new collapse was observed. Based on the relationship between water level dynamics and karst collapse, the critical water level of the water source area to prevent karst collapse is 108 m, located 2 m above the roof of the karst aquifer. (4) According to the groundwater management model, the mining output of karst water in the simulation area at the critical water level is determined to be 82,000–85,000 m3·d−1, of which the exploitable volume of centralized exploitation in the water source area of Jiuxian county is 32,000−35,000 m3·d−1. This study is of great significance for the sustainable development and utilization of karst groundwater resources and the tackling of environmental geological problems.

     

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