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Volume 42 Issue 4
Nov.  2023
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2023  >  42(4): 853-862
ZHOU Zheng, LI Dahua, ZHANG Ye, CHEN Hongkai, WANG Xingzhi, LIAO Yunping, QI Yongai, WANG Baoliang. Study on formation conditions of high-quality reservoir of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(4): 853-862. doi: 10.11932/karst20230415
Citation: ZHOU Zheng, LI Dahua, ZHANG Ye, CHEN Hongkai, WANG Xingzhi, LIAO Yunping, QI Yongai, WANG Baoliang. Study on formation conditions of high-quality reservoir of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(4): 853-862. doi: 10.11932/karst20230415
shu

Study on formation conditions of high-quality reservoir of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan

doi: 10.11932/karst20230415
  • 1.

    National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Shale Gas Exploration and Development (Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources), Chongqing 401120, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources (Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources), Chongqing 401120, China

  • 3.

    Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards Mitigation on Mountain Highway and Waterway, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 400074, China

  • 4.

    Department of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Hehai College, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China

  • 5.

    College of City and Architectural Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China

  • 6.

    State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Geology and Exploration, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China

  • 7.

    No. 1 Non-ferrous Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810006, China

  • 8.

    Southwest Geotechnical & Design Institute of China Nuclear Industry, Chengdu, Sichuan 610061, China

  • Received Date: 2023-01-01
    Abstract
  • Central Sichuan is located at the eastern high point of the Leshan-Longnvsi ancient uplift axis. With a large amount of oil and gas resources, the Sinian Dengying Formation has a good exploration prospect. Since 2011 when CNPC deployed Well GS1 to explore Dengying Formation in the study area and then succeeded in discovering the oil and gas reservoirs, many scholars have done much research in this area and achieved a lot. But their opinions are similar only in terms of the understanding of lithology. In fact, multiple tectonic movements, the variable diagenetic environment and complex diagenesis of the Dengying Formation make it difficult for scholars to study the formation conditions of high-quality reservoirs in the Dengying Formation of the study area, which has resulted in a great controversy about the formation conditions of high-quality reservoirs. Therefore, taking the existing drilling cores and field profiles in central Sichuan and its adjacent areas as the main research objects, we studied the formation conditions of high-quality reservoirs in this paper, based on previous research as well as the testing data such as data from surveying wells and logging, and geochemical and physical properties.In this study, the existing drilling cores, field sections and rock slices in central Sichuan and its adjacent areas were analyzed for research of the rock types and reservoir space that constitute the reservoir. The results show that the lithology of Dengying Formation is mainly dolomite, with a small amount of mudstone and siliceous rock. There are many types of rock forming the reservoir, mainly including crystalline dolomite, sandy dolomite, algal laminated dolomite and karst breccia. The reservoir space is mainly composed of secondary pores, holes and fractures. The pores mainly include intercrystalline pores, intercrystalline dissolution pores, intergranular dissolution pores and residual intergranular pores. Among them intercrystalline pores and intercrystalline dissolution pores are mainly distributed in crystalline dolomite. In some parts, these two types of pores will be eroded and then expand into pore-type karst caves after karstification. However, intergranular dissolution pores and residual intergranular pores are mainly distributed in sandy dolomite, and the connectivity between them is poor. The caves mainly include "grape lace" caves, inter-gravel caves, and pore-type karst caves. The types of caves also include karst pores, caves and fissures that are distributed along the algal laminae. Among these caves, "grape lace" caves and inter-gravel caves are mainly distributed in breccia. Most of these two types of caves are filled with very small residual space. Pore-type karst caves are mainly distributed in crystalline dolomite. However, the dissolution pores, caves and fissures extending along the algal laminae are mainly distributed in the algal laminated dolomite. They are less affected by the later diagenesis and have weak infilling capacity, relative completeness and good connectivity. Fractures are mainly formed in a large number by tectonism and generally regarded as seepage channels rather than reservoir space for oil and gas. Finally, the existing research and comparison of the physical property different reservoir space show that the high-quality reservoir is composed of dissolution pores, caves and fractures distributed along the algal layer.The comprehensive study of the geological background of the study area indicates that the sedimentary facies of the study area are platforms. The subfacies are shallow water platforms and semi-deep water platforms, and the microfacies are shoal patches, cohesive shoals, algal flats, dolomitic flats and mud flats. At the same time, the correlation between lithology, reservoir space and sedimentary microfacies has been studied, showing that algal flats are the basis of high-quality reservoir development. The formation of reservoirs in Dengying Formation is mainly under the effect of recrystallization and karstification. Recrystallization can only improve the permeability of the reservoir, but cannot increase the effective reservoir space. Karstification took place during syngenetic-quasisyngenetic stage, supergene stage and buried-rock stage. In the syngenetic-quasisyngenetic stage, karstification mainly formed selective karst pores and caves, but rarely remained. Karstification in the supergene stage mainly formed karst pores, caves and fractures distributed along the algal laminae, which provided high-quality reservoir space. Buried karstification mainly occurred in the process of generation and degradation of oil and gas, and the overall transformation degree is small, but the connectivity and permeability of the reservoir space were improved. Therefore, supergene karstification plays a key role in the formation of high-quality reservoirs.In the study area, high-quality reservoirs are formed under the joint action of sedimentation, diagenesis and tectonism. According to the formation process of high-quality reservoirs, different periods and different pore structure characteristics, their evolution process can be divided into five parts: sedimentary period, shallow-burial period, supergene period, medium-deep burial period and period showing current characteristics. The study on evolution characteristics of high-quality reservoirs in different periods show that algal flats are the foundation for the formation of high-quality reservoirs; the Tongwan tectonic movement provides necessary conditions; supergene karstification is the key.

     

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