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Volume 42 Issue 2
Apr.  2023
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2023  >  42(2): 220-232, 244
LIU Wenyue, GAO Zongjun, XU Yuan, HAN Cong, LUO Zhenjiang, ZHAO Zhenhua. Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of karst water in Jinan City[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(2): 220-232, 244. doi: 10.11932/karst20230204
Citation: LIU Wenyue, GAO Zongjun, XU Yuan, HAN Cong, LUO Zhenjiang, ZHAO Zhenhua. Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of karst water in Jinan City[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 42(2): 220-232, 244. doi: 10.11932/karst20230204
shu

Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of karst water in Jinan City

doi: 10.11932/karst20230204
  • 1.

    Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China

  • 2.

    Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Brigade, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jinan, Shandong 251600, China

  • Received Date: 2021-08-12
    Abstract
  • Karst groundwater is an important source recharge for springs in Jinan, and its water quality directly affects the effectiveness of spring protection work in this city. In this study, a total of 128 groundwater samples (64 each in the wet season and the dry season) were collected from the main karst hydrogeological units in Jinan—Changxiao karst water system, Baotu Spring karst water system and Baiquan karst water system in May (the dry season) and September (the wet season), and their water quality was tested. By means of mathematical statistics, correlation analysis, Piper three-line diagram, Gibbs model and ion ratio, the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area were analyzed. Besides, the groundwater quality in this area was evaluated comprehensively by fuzzy evaluation method. The analysis may provide a basis for the hydraulic connection of the three karst water systems. Results show that groundwater in the three karst water systems of Changxiao, Baotu Spring and Baiquan are all weakly alkaline water with low hardness, and TDS values are less than 1,000 mg·L−1, among which TDS value and TH value show as Changxiao>Baiquan>Baotu Springs. The ion concentrations are as follows: Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+, ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$>${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$>Cl −>${\rm{NO}}_3^{-}$. The water quality of the three karst water systems is worse in the dry season than in the wet season. The chemical types of water in Changxiao, Baotu and Baiquan are roughly the same, mainly calcium type and bicarbonate-mixed water. The Changxiao karst water system and Baotu Spring karst water system are mainly of SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg type, and the Baiquan karst water system is mainly of HCO3-Ca·Mg type. According to the piper three-line diagram and the Gibbs diagram, the main groundwater ions in the three karst water systems of Changxiao, Baotu Spring and Baiquan mainly come from rock weathering. It can be seen from the ion ratio diagram that the main hydrochemical effects in the study area are from the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks and evaporite salts and cation exchange. More than 50% of the water in the three karst water systems falls into Grade III in both the dry season and the wet season, indicating that the karst groundwater in the study area is less polluted. Compared with the water collected from sample points in two seasons, the water quality in the wet season is better than that in the dry season. The Baotu Spring karst water system has the best water quality, followed by the Baiquan karst water system.In this study, suggestions on the environmental protection of karst water resources are put forward: (1) The government should standardize the management of industrial water use, implement a quota system, and avoid unreasonable use of water resources. (2) Transporting sewage channels, pipelines and oil pipelines through protection area of water source should be prohibited. (3) The construction of oil depots in protection areas should be prohibited. (4) The government and institution should gradually improve the irrigation system in agriculture, and actively introduce new technologies and techniques to save water. (5) The government and related institutions should heighten citizens' awareness of water conservation and water resources protection, and promote standardized water resources management.

     

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