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Volume 41 Issue 5
Dec.  2022
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2022  >  41(5): 838-846, 837
DONG Hongqi, ZHANG Qingyu, LIANG Jiapeng, DAN Yong, LIANG Bin, NIE Guoquan, JI Shaocong. Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance of deep karst fracture-cave fillings in Huanjiang sag, Guangxi[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(5): 838-846, 837. doi: 10.11932/karst20220512
Citation: DONG Hongqi, ZHANG Qingyu, LIANG Jiapeng, DAN Yong, LIANG Bin, NIE Guoquan, JI Shaocong. Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance of deep karst fracture-cave fillings in Huanjiang sag, Guangxi[J]. CARSOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 41(5): 838-846, 837. doi: 10.11932/karst20220512
shu

Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance of deep karst fracture-cave fillings in Huanjiang sag, Guangxi

doi: 10.11932/karst20220512
  • 1.

    Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/ Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR& GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

  • 2.

    Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin , Guangxi 541004, China

  • 3.

    China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

  • Received Date: 2022-03-02
    Abstract
  • In recent years, deep karst caves are commonly met in deep resource exploration and engineering construction. However, the deep-buried caves lead to the insufficient research on the genesis and development mechanism of deep karst caves. As good research samples, a large amount of complete drilling cores in deep karst caves are founded in Huanjiang sag in Guangxi. The karst morphology analysis of the drilling core in Well HD1-4 reveals that the deep karst in Huanjiang area is mainly composed of net cracks and holes expanding along cracks and dolomite honeycomb pores, and large karst caves are also developed, with the maximum height of 20 m. The types of fillings in deep karst caves are diverse. Through the observation of the whole well core, it is found that the deep karst cave fillings are of four characteristics. (1) Calcification growth,the mixed growth pattern of chemical and argillaceous substances reflects periodic growth in the cave, which may be associated with surface hydrological systems. (2) Flower-like growth pattern,white calcite with multi-stage growth can be identified in pores, but the growth direction and growth environment of each stage are different, hence forming flower-like growth pattern. (3) Primary chemical fillings of the hole,the hole is filled with calcite or dolomite, and the crystal form of calcite in part of the hole is good. (4) Argillaceous fillings in the cave, argillaceous fillings can be seen at 230 m, 432 m, 880 m and even 1,132 m in Well Huandi 1-4, which are far lower than the local discharge datum or the sea level. These argillaceous fillings may come from the surface mud seepage along the fracture or the mud beneath the ancient exposed surface. In this paper, the carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of deep karst cave fillings and surface karst cave fillings in Well HD1-4 drilling show the wide distribution of carbon and oxygen isotope of deep karst fracture. δ13C values are between −5.2‰ and −2‰ with the average value of −0.33‰. δ18O values are between −16.78‰ and −5.3‰ wtih the average value of −11.45‰. The values show the general negative skewness. The negative skewness of carbon and oxygen isotope of calcite fillings in the pores is the largest, and that of dolomite is the smallest. The carbon and oxygen isotope values of calcareous mudstone are the closest to those of modern atmospheric freshwater. Based on the analysis of geological conditions, four large-scale paleokarst processes and filling periods are founded in the formation and filling stages of deep karst in the Huanjiang area. (1) In the karst environment in contemporaneous period and penecontemporaneous peiord, the distribution range of δ18O is the same as the background value of the bedrock of carbonate rock, but δ13C changes greatly. The results show that the karst environment is similar to the sedimentary environment of carbonate rocks, which reflects the short-term exposure of karst after the deposition of carbonate rocks in the contemporaneous period, and the filling shows the characteristics of early precipitation. Karst space is mainly characterized by dissolution pores, which provides the basis for further karst development. (2) The karst environment of atmospheric fresh water in the hypergene period is affected by atmospheric fresh water δ13C, and the δ18O value shows a significant negative skewness. The fact that δ13C is less than −2.5‰ and δ18O is between −13 and −8.2‰ indicates the karst environment is an open system, and a large number of argillaceous substances infiltrate with surface water and fill karst caves, making a certain impact on the preservation of deep resources. (3) In the shallow-buried karst environment, the δ18O value of the filling is negative, which is more negatively skewed than that of Type I bedrock. The δ13C value is basically consistent with the bedrock value, and there is no obvious negative skewness. The δ13C value is between −2.0‰ and 2.5‰, and the δ18O is between −13.0‰ and −9.0‰. Due to the increase of temperature and pressure in the closed system during the burial peirod, there gradually precipitates and forms dolomite. (4) In the deep-buried or hydrothermal karst environment, the δ18O value of fillings is obviously negative, and high-temperature fluid flows up along the fault to form the karst dissolution space which becomes the reservoir place of various deposits. The hydrothermal karst with high temperature and the atmospheric freshwater karst are the main periods of the formation of deep karst fracture-cavity filling in Huanjiang area. The research results are of great significance for deep karst reservoir prediction and deep resource exploration in the later stage.

     

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