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Volume 41 Issue 1
Feb.  2022
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Article Navigation >  CARSOLOGICA SINICA  > 2022  >  41(1): 47-58
TANG Zhen,JIANG Xiaozhen,CHEN Ligen,et al.Groundwater sealing by grouting curtain technique and its grouting effect evaluation of a limestone quarry in Longmen county[J].Carsologica Sinica,2022,41(01):47-58. doi: 10.11932/karst20220102
Citation: TANG Zhen,JIANG Xiaozhen,CHEN Ligen,et al.Groundwater sealing by grouting curtain technique and its grouting effect evaluation of a limestone quarry in Longmen county[J].Carsologica Sinica,2022,41(01):47-58. doi: 10.11932/karst20220102
shu

Groundwater sealing by grouting curtain technique and its grouting effect evaluation of a limestone quarry in Longmen county

doi: 10.11932/karst20220102
  • 1.

    Institute of Karst Geology，CAGS， Guilin， Guangxi 541004， China

  • 2.

    Guangdong Nonferrous Metals Geological Exploration Institution， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510089， China

Funds:

 42077273

 DD20190266

  • Received Date: 2021-02-17
  • Publish Date: 2022-02-25
    Abstract
  • Limestone has a wide range of uses and is an indispensable raw material in people's life. The main uses include cement， chemical fertilizer， medicine， glass， etc. With the acceleration of urbanization and infrastructure construction， the demand for building materials has increased， and the development of quarrying industry has made great contributions to the national economy. However， due to the lack of study on the environmental and geological conditions of mining area in the early stage of the quarries， frequent and unreasonable mining activities have damaged the ecological environment around the mine， resulting in serious environmental and geological problems. Longmen county is rich in limestone reserves and has many limestone quarries，making it one of the largest cement production bases in Guangdong Province， China. A local limestone quarry accidentally exposed the karst water flowing fractured zone controlled by fault F1 during the mining process， and the groundwater in the north side was discharged to the mining pit， with a water inflow of about 3，000 m3 ∙ d-1. With the decline of groundwater level， 17 sinkholes occurred in the northern part of the mining area， causing multiple houses to crack and threatening the safety of local residents. Based on the ground karst hydrological survey， this paper used geophysical exploration and drilling methods to explore the distribution characteristics of underground karst development in this region， formulated the grouting curtain scheme，and used comprehensive detection methods，such as high-density resistivity method， verification borehole， Lugeon test and groundwater level dynamic monitoring， to evaluate the grouting effect of the water-proof curtain. Based on the understanding that the water-conducting fault F1 was the main inflow channel of groundwater in the mining pit，it is proposed that the purpose of preventing karst collapse can be achieved by sealing with the curtain grouting technique. The location of the curtain was determined by existing site characteristics，geological conditions， sinkhole location， geophysical testing， exploratory drilling and other factors. The curtain was perpendicular to the fault F1， about 200 m long，with a single row of boreholes and a distance of 10 m. Two major void zones were discovered during drilling. The formations of the west void zones were closely related to the fault position， and the east void zones were developed at the stratigraphic boundary. Conventional cement grouts were used in the curtain， and the grout is prepared according to the rock permeability obtained from the Lugeon test. Once the borehole orifice was closed， the grouts were circulated in the borehole， and the upward and downward directions were connected with segmented grouting. This grouting technique achieved a constant grouting pressure and effectively controlled the diffusion radius of the grouts. After the completion of the curtain， the comprehensive detection methods （high-density resistivity method， verification borehole， Lugeon test and groundwater level dynamic monitoring） were used to evaluate the grouting effect of the curtain. The grouting effect detection results showed that， （1） Comparing the apparent resistivity section maps before and after grouting， the apparent resistivity of the soil and karst development areas after grouting were lower than before grouting， and the apparent resistivity curve of the original low resistivity anomaly in the horizontal direction became flat. According to the core photos of the verification borehole，the cement slurry stones was found in the fracture zones and karst caves at different depths. （2） According to the longitudinal distribution of permeable rate obtained from Lugeon tests， the upper rock masses had relatively large permeable rates affected by faults， and it was the layer where dissolution fractures and karst caves were developed；While， the permeable rates of the lower rock mass were relatively small， and the fractures were not developed， so it was a relative aquifuge. The weighted average permeable rates of the verification boreholes were significantly lower than that of the adjacent grouting boreholes before grouting， indicating that the grouts in the grouting areas had a good effect on the filling of karst fractures. （3） The groundwater monitoring data showed that the groundwater level difference on both sides of the curtain was significantly different before and after grouting， and the backwater amplitude of the groundwater level on the north side of the curtain was significantly greater than that on the south side. The groundwater levels on both sides of the curtain had different responses under drilling construction and rainfall conditions， indicating that the curtain cuts off the hydraulic connection of groundwater on both sides and the water sealing effect of grouting was obvious. A stable groundwater level difference formed on both sides of the curtain， and the inflow rate reduced from 3，000 m3 ∙ d-1 to approximately 500 m3 ∙ d-1. The dynamic monitoring of groundwater level on both sides of the curtain could comprehensively reflect the water sealing effect and its change over time. It is suggested to retain monitoring equipment and continue the monitoring work.

     

    • TANG Zhen,JIANG Xiaozhen,CHEN Ligen,et al.Groundwater sealing by grouting curtain technique and its grouting effect evaluation of a limestone quarry in Longmen county[J].Carsologica Sinica,2022,41(01):47-58.
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