Exploitation models for different types of underground rivers in karst mountain areas of southwestern China

The karst development of karst mountain areas in southwestern China is complicated, which brings difficulties to the development and utilization of underground rivers there. Based on the results of geological surveys in these regions recent years, this work makes a systematic summary on the characteristics of karst landforms and karst development, and proposes 6 typical exploitation modes of underground rivers, i.e.(1)karst depression reservoirs in peak-cluster depression areas,(2) reservoirs formed by subterranean stream blocking in deep karst valley areas,(3) surface-underground combined reservoirs in karst valley areas,(4) water diversion by digging tunnels in karst ridge fold zones, (5) leading groundwater by motor-pumped wells in peak forest-plain areas, and(6) Reservoirs by combined surface-subsurface underground streams in edges of fault-depression basins. These 6 models provide a practical reference for treatment in accordance with local conditions, reasonable and efficient development and utilization of groundwater resources, and can effectively serve the national strategy of precise poverty alleviation.