贵州马岭河瀑布钙华藻类群落特征及生物岩溶作用

唐宇宏; 潘 鸿

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2013.03.005

贵州马岭河瀑布钙华藻类群落特征及生物岩溶作用

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2013.03.005

唐宇宏¹,
潘鸿²

1.
遵义医学院公共管理学院
2.
遵义医学院公共卫生学院

计量
- 文章访问数: 1976
- HTML浏览量: 320
- PDF下载量: 1161
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 发布日期: 2013-09-25

Characteristics of tufa algae community and bio-karstification at the Malinghe waterfall in Guizhou

TANG Yu-hong¹,
PAN Hong²

1.
School of Public Policy and Management，Zunyi Medical University
2.
School of Public Health，Zunyi Medical University

摘要

摘要: 为探讨水流干扰和钙华藻类群落在瀑布钙华形成过程中的作用，于2007年8月对贵州马岭河峡谷天星画廊景区内3条瀑布钙华流水区、浸润区和潮湿区进行了采样，分析其种类组成、群落类型和形态、分布特征等。结果显示：（1）天星画廊景区的瀑布钙华藻类群落类型包括胶质颗粒状、胶质团块状、垫状、绒毡状和粉末状5种类型，钙华藻类以蓝藻占优势，在受水流中等程度干扰的生境中(浸润区)钙华藻类物种多样性和群落多样性较高；（2）钙华藻类群落对瀑布钙华的形成同时存在沉积和溶蚀作用，藻类群落可影响瀑布钙华沉积和溶蚀的方向性；（3）在中等程度水流干扰作用下，钙华藻类群落在瀑布钙华形成过程中以沉积作用为主，在强或弱水流干扰作用下，则以溶蚀作用为主。因此认为：水流干扰程度和藻类群落类型共同作用是控制瀑布钙华形态构造多样化的主要因素之一；水流的中度干扰有利于瀑布钙华的形成。
- 钙华藻类 /
- 群落类型 /
- 水流干扰 /
- 生物岩溶 /
- 瀑布
Abstract: Carbonates of the Triassic system，widely distributing in the Malinghe gorge，mainly form gorge，peak cluster，peak forest，stone forest landscapes. Among the geomorphologic landscape，there is a 2 km long gorge called the Tianxing gallery locating at 104°56′E and 25°08′N. The gallery has typical waterfall tufa that presents the appearance as vertical curtain，lobes and scaly. In order to investigate the role of flow interference and algae community during the development of the tufa at waterfall，the algae samples are collected at the fluid，inundation and moist regions from 3 waterfalls at the Tianxing gallery in August，2007. The morphological characteristics of tufa algal communities are recorded at field. The samples are divided into subsamples of algae and matrix which treated with 5 % C2H4O2 and 1 % HCl respectively. Then，the treated subsamples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitively after being mixed to each other. The micro-morphology samples of tufa are observed under the stereo microscope. The micro-deposit is separated from the sample and then added with a little 1 % HCl to observe the nucleus of micro-deposit. The results show that there are 5 algae coenotypes in the waterfall involving granular，lumps，mat，felty and pulverous. The dominant assemblage in the tufa algae is cyanophyta. In the moderate disturbed habitats by water flow，the species and community diversity are higher in the inundation region than other regions. Deposition and dissolution also take place in the tufa algae communities during the development of waterfall tufa，which may affect the direction of deposition and dissolution. The main role of tufa algae community is deposition under the condition of moderate disturbance by flow during the development of waterfall tufa，while under the conditions of stronger or weak disturbance of flow，the main role is dissolution. Therefore，it is considered that the synergism of flow disturbance degree and coenotype is one of the main factors that controlling the diversification in shape and structure of the waterfall tufa. And the moderate disturbance of flow is favorable for deposition of waterfall tufa.
- tufa algae /
- coenotype /
- disturbance of flow /
- bio-karstification /
- waterfall

HTML

参考文献(32)

[1]	袁道先. 岩溶学词典［M］.北京: 地质出版社，1988：6.
[2]	Folk R L，Roberts H H，Moore C H. Black phytokarst from Hell，Cayman Islands，British West Indies［J］. Geological Society of America Bulletin，1973，84(7): 2351-2360.
[3]	福迪 B. 藻类学［M］.上海: 上海科学技术出版社，1980：1-10，370-414.
[4]	胡鸿钧，魏印心. 中国淡水藻类：系统、分类及生态［M］.北京: 科学出版社，2006:1-915.
[5]	奥德姆 E P. 生态学基础［M］.北京: 人民教育出版社，1981：25-33.
[6]	王福星，曹建华，黄俊发，等. 生物岩溶［M］.北京: 地质出版社，1993:16-32.
[7]	刘志礼. 化石藻类学导论［M］.北京: 高等教育出版社，1990：1-491.
[8]	张捷. 地表喀斯特沉积中藻类作用的观察研究［J］. 地理研究，1992，11(2): 26-33，109-112.
[9]	钱凯先，朱浩然. 中国穿钙藻类研究：（一）江苏连云港海区穿钙藻类［J］. 南京大学学报，1982（藻类专辑）: 82-93.
[10]	王福星，曹建华，黄俊发. 初论藻类生物岩溶作用［J］. 桂林工学院学报，1995，15(2): 149-156.
[11]	张捷，李什峰，陈舒泛. 石灰岩表面溶针孔的初步研究［J］. 中国岩溶，1991，10(2): 151-158.
[12]	Golubic S，Perkins R D，Lukas K J. Boring microorganisms and microborings in carbonate substrates［M］//R.W.Frey,Editor. The Study of Trace Fossils: A Synthesis of Principles，Problems，and Procedures in Ichnology. New York: Springer，1975：229-259.
[13]	Pentecost A，Zhang Z. A review of Chinese travertines［J］. Cave and Karst Science，2001，28(1): 15-28.
[14]	刘红敏，李杰，陈作州，等.兴义马岭河峡谷瀑华藻类多样性初步研究［J］. 贵州科学，2007，25(2):78-80.
[15]	向刚，陈椽，刘宁.荔波小七孔钙华藻类多样性初步研究［J］. 贵州师范大学学报（自然科学版），2002，20(2): 35-40.
[16]	田友萍，何复胜.石灰华的生物成因研究——以四川九寨沟和贵州黄果树等地石灰华为例［J］.中国岩溶，1998，17(1): 49-55.
[17]	王智慧，张朝晖，李建华.琵琶潭瀑布岩溶沉积物生物多样性研究［J］.中国岩溶，2007，26(2): 178-182.
[18]	田友萍，何复胜. 贵州盘县风洞藻席蓝藻群落生态初探［J］. 中国岩溶，1996，15(3): 233-238，300.
[19]	田友萍，何复胜. 贵州香纸沟瀑水钙华藻席研究［J］. 中国岩溶，1997，16(2):145-154.
[20]	王智慧，张朝晖，李建华. 石灰华扇（Tufa Fan）沉积物中的微型生物多样性［J］.沉积学报，2008，26(4): 670-675.
[21]	徐柯健，李兴中，刘嘉麒.贵州兴义喀斯特景观特征［J］.中国岩溶，2008，27(2): 157-164.
[22]	廣瀨弘幸，山岸高旺.日本淡水藻図鑒［M］.東京: 內田老鶴圃，1981：1-829.
[23]	Wehr J D，Sheath R G. Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification［M］. New York: Acacemic Press，2003:59-774.
[24]	Connell J H. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs［J］.Science，1978，199(4335): 1302-1310.
[25]	Sousa W P. Disturbance in marine intertidal boulder fields: The nonequilibrium maintenance of species diversity［J］.Ecology，1979，60(6):1225-1239.
[26]	Pickett S T A，White P S. Patch dynamices: A synthesis［C］//Picketts S T A，White P S (eds) .The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. London: Academic Press，1985:371-384.
[27]	McCabe D J，Gotelli N J. Effects of disturbance frequency，intersity，and area on assemblages of stream macroinvertebrates［J］. Oecologia，2000，124:270-279.
[28]	Viles H A. Biokarst:Review and prospect［J］. Progress in Physical Geography，1984，8: 532-542.
[29]	曹建华，王福星. 初探藻类、地衣生物岩溶微形态与内陆环境间相关性［J］. 地质评论，1998，44: 656-661.
[30]	Zhang D D，Zhang Y，Zhu A，et al. Physical mechanisms of river waterfall tufa (travertine) formation［J］. Journal of Sedimentary Research，2001，71(1): 205-216.
[31]	Chen J，Zhang D D，Wang S，et al. Factors controlling tufa deposition in natural waters at waterfall sites［J］. Sedimentary Geology，2004，166: 353-366.
[32]	潘瑞炽，王小菁，李娘辉.植物生理学(第五版) ［M］.北京: 高等教育出版社，2004: 282-286.