广西喀斯特环江观测站表土孢粉与现代植被的关系

郝秀东; 陆雅娴; 欧阳绪红; 李立学; 秦琳娟; 韦嘉胜; 王艾岚; 黄琳倩; 林春雨

doi:10.11932/karst2025y017

广西喀斯特环江观测站表土孢粉与现代植被的关系

doi: 10.11932/karst2025y017

郝秀东^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5,},
陆雅娴^{1, 2},
欧阳绪红^{1, 2, ,},
李立学^{1, 2},
秦琳娟^{1, 2},
韦嘉胜^{1, 2},
王艾岚^{1, 2},
黄琳倩^{1, 2},
林春雨^{1, 2}

1.
南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 广西南宁 530001
2.
南宁师范大学广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室, 广西南宁 530001
3.
自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 广西桂林 541004
4.
中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210008
5.
广西红树林研究中心广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室, 广西北海 536000

基金项目: 广西自然科学基金（2023GXNSFBA026263，2025GXNSFAA069308）；国家自然科学基金项目（U20A2048, 42001076）；中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室开放基金（223109）；广西岩溶动力学重大科技创新基地开放基金项目（KDL&Guangxi202204）；广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室开放基金项目（GKLMC-201902）

详细信息

作者简介:
郝秀东（1980－），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事孢粉学形态研究工作。E-mail：xiudonghao@126.com

通讯作者:
欧阳绪红（1984－），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事孢粉学研究工作。E-mail：oy_xh@163.com。

中图分类号: P935.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-25
- 录用日期: 2025-08-26
- 修回日期: 2025-07-22
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-18

Relationship between surface soil pollen and modern vegetation at the Guangxi Karst Huanjiang Observation Station

HAO Xiudong^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5
,},
LU Yaxian^{1, 2},
OUYANG Xuhong^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Lixue^{1, 2},
QIN Linjuan^{1, 2},
WEI Jiasheng^{1, 2},
WANG Ailan^{1, 2},
HUANG Linqian^{1, 2},
LIN Chunyu^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resource Utilization ( Nanning Normal University) , Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Modern Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Guangxi 210008, China
5.
Guangxi Academy of Science, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Beihai, Guangxi 536000, China

摘要

摘要: 厘清喀斯特地区表土孢粉与现代植被的关系是解译地层孢粉的基础，是恢复古环境的前提。文章通过对广西喀斯特环江观测站的24个表土和苔藓样品进行分析，探讨其表土孢粉与现代植被的对应关系。结果表明：（1）共鉴定出49科/属孢粉类型，花粉组合中针叶类占优势，含量为32.49%~78.65%，其中以松属为主；其次为草本(9.41%~53.43%)，以禾本科、菊科和玉蜀黍属为主；阔叶乔灌木类最低，含量为2.94%~33.49%，以豆科、大戟科、木兰科和桑科为主。表土花粉组合基本能反映环江站周围植被的总体特征；（2）草本花粉在玉米地含量最高（53.43%），主要以玉蜀黍属为主；次生林、草地、人工恢复林及桑林的蕨类孢子含量较高，分别达53.91%、49%、48.88%和46.04%；（3）PCA分析可较好区分草地、人工恢复林、构树林、次生林和玉米地，但桑林并不能很好地被区分，可能采样时间及其花粉保存条件等有关；（4）不同土地利用方式/植被类型间孢粉浓度差异显著，人工恢复林孢粉浓度最高，其他土地利用方式/植被类型的孢粉浓度依次为桑林＞玉米地＞次生林＞草地＞构树林，这可能与植被组成、土层扰动及孢粉保存条件等联系较大。
- 表土孢粉组合 /
- 环江站 /
- 喀斯特 /
- 土地利用方式 /
- 植被类型
Abstract: This study takes surface pollen samples from different land use methods/vegetation types at the Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the Huanjiang Station) as its research object. The Huanjiang station is located in the southern part of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Hechi City, Guangxi and represents typical karst peak cluster depression ecosystem in China. It is situated in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with a mild climate and abundant rainfall throughout the county. The forest communities are primarily composed of evergreen broadleaf forests, followed by some deciduous broadleaf and mixed evergreen coniferous and broadleaf forests.The article aims to explore the characteristics of surface pollen assemblages under different land use methods/vegetation types at the Huanjiang Station, establish a correspondence between surface pollen and modern vegetation, so as to provide theoretical references for ecological restoration, Quaternary paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate reconstruction, and historical research on human interference activities in the study area and similar karst regions.All 24 topsoil and moss samples were prepared at the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, and then standard conventional acid-base methods to extract the pollen, that is weighing about 30 g of dry samples of topsoil samples and about 3 g of dry samples of moss samples. Add HCL to dissolve calcareous minerals, HF to digest silica, and several distilled water rinses. Finally, a 7 - μm nylon sieve was used to remove unwanted small particles, then collect the pollen to a 5 ml centrifuge tube. A pill of Lycopodium spores (10,315 grains/tablet) was added to each sample to calculate pollen concentration. The percentage of each pollen taxa is based on the total terrestrial pollen sum only, whereas that of spores is based on the sum of both pollen and spores. Pollen and spores were identified using a Leica DM4000 B microscope with 200/400x magnification. More than 300 pollen grains of per sample were counted. The programs Tilia (version 1.7.16) was used to construct the pollen diagrams. Using the Canoco (versions 5.0) software, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the pollen percentage data.The results show, (1) A total of 49 pollen taxa (genera or family)were identified from 24 topsoil (or moss) samples in the Huanjiang Station, 25 taxa belonged to trees and shrubs, there are mainly Pinus, Cupressaceae/ Taxodiaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Magnoliaceae, Moraceae, among them, Pinus had the highest content (averaging 56.8% and reaching a maximum of 87.62%). And 20 taxa were Herbaceous, there are mainly Poaceae, Asteraceae, Araceae. The spores of ferns are mainly Nephrolepis, Dicranopteris and Pteris. In addition, freshwater algae ( Concentricystis ) spores also appeared in the samples.(2)There was a large difference in the concentration of topsoil pollen among different land use methods/vegetation types in the depression of Huanjiang Station, the lowest pollen concentration was 4,131 grains · g⁻¹ in the topsoil samples of the secondary growth of forest, and the highest was 41,6781 grains · g⁻¹ in planted restoration forest. The average pollen concentration was relatively low, at 54,432 grains · g⁻¹. There was a significant difference in the average concentrations of topsoil samples and moss samples, which were 27,371 grains · g⁻¹ and 189,738 grains · g⁻¹, respectively. Among all the samples, Pinus pollen had the highest concentration, reaching 19,232 · g⁻¹, followed by Asteraceae ( 2,280 grains · g⁻¹ ), Poaceae ( 1,535 grains · g⁻¹ ) and Euphorbiaceae ( 1,461 grains · g⁻¹ ). In addition, the spore concentration of ferns was relatively high, with an average of 6, 353 spores · g⁻¹. (3)The result of principal component analysis ( PCA ) show that the pollen assemblage was well discrete and was heterogeneous, which could roughly achieve classification. Among different land use methods/vegetation types, corn fields correspond clearly with Zea, and coniferous woodland correspond clearly with Moraceae, enabling effective differentiation. Secondary growth of forest and planted restoration forest can be concentrated relatively well.The conclusion of this article is, (1)The topsoil pollen composition corresponds well with the vegetation types of each land use type/vegetation type and the combination of surface pollen can basically reflect the overall characteristics of vegetation around the depression. (2)PCA analysis can effectively distinguish grassland, planted restoration forest, coniferous woodland, secondary growth of forest, and cornfields, it shows that the surface pollen of different land use / vegetation types has obvious differentiation. However, mulberry forest cannot be well distinguished, which may be related to the fact that Morus sampling time and pollen preservation conditions.(3)The pollen concentrations of different land use methods/vegetation types are in the order of planted restoration forest > mulberry forests > cornfields > secondary growth of forest > grasslands > coniferous woodland, which may be closely related to vegetation composition, soil disturbance, and pollen preservation conditions.
- topsoil pollen assemblage /
- Huanjiang Station /
- karst /
- land use methods /
- vegetation types

HTML

图 1 环江站地理位置（a）及采样点图（b）

Figure 1. Geographic location of Huanjiang Station (a) and map of sampling sites (b)

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图 2 环江站洼地主要孢粉类型的百分比含量图谱

Figure 2. Percentage of pollen from topsoil samples in the depression of Huanjiang Station

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 环江站洼地主要的孢粉类型图版

1-2.芒萁属 3-5.凤尾蕨属 6-7.肾蕨属 8-11.栗属 12.桑科 13-15.山麻杆属 16-18.桤木属 19-20.大戟科 21-22.松属 23-24.云实属 25-27.菊科 28.藜科 29.十字花科 30-31.禾本科 32-33.玉蜀黍属 34.旋花科 35-36.石蒜科 37-38.蒲公英属 39-40.环纹藻

Figure 3. Photomicrographs of main pollen types from the depression of Huanjiang Station

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图 4 环江站洼地主要孢粉类型及样点的主成分（PCA）分析结果

Figure 4. Result of principal component analysis (PCA) for major pollen types and samples from the depression of Huanjiang Station

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表 1 表土样品采样点信息

Table 1. Topsoil sample sampling point information

土地利用方式/植被类型	样品编号	经度(E)	纬度(N)	海拔/m	样品类型
草地	HJZ-1	108°19′28″	24°44′17″	265	表土
	HJZ-2	108°19′30″	24°44′16″	265	表土
	HJZ-3	108°19′27″	24°44′16″	265	表土
	HJZ-4	108°19′28″	24°44′17″	265	表土
人工恢复林	HJZ-5	108°19′19″	24°44′15″	280	苔藓
	HJZ-6	108°19′22″	24°44′13″	280	苔藓
	HJZ-7	108°19′21″	24°44′14″	280	苔藓
	HJZ-8	108°19′21″	24°44′16″	280	苔藓
构树林	HJZ-9	108°19′21″	24°44′19″	265	表土
	HJZ-10	108°19′22″	24°44′18″	265	表土
	HJZ-11	108°19′21″	24°44′18″	265	表土
	HJZ-12	108°19′22″	24°44′19″	265	表土
次生林	HJZ-13	108°19′21″	24°44′21″	283	表土
	HJZ-14	108°19′21″	24°44′21″	285	表土
	HJZ-15	108°19′22″	24°44′21″	283	表土
	HJZ-16	108°19′22″	24°44′23″	284	表土
玉米地	HJZ-17	108°19′27″	24°44′18″	266	表土
	HJZ-18	108°19′28″	24°44′19″	266	表土
	HJZ-19	108°19′27″	24°44′19″	266	表土
	HJZ-20	108°19′28″	24°44′18″	266	表土
桑林	HJZ-21	108°19′30″	24°44′21″	273	表土
	HJZ-22	108°19′31″	24°44′22″	273	表土
	HJZ-23	108°19′30″	24°44′22″	273	表土
	HJZ-24	108°19′31″	24°44′21″	273	表土

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