Relationship between sustainable development capacity of karst landscape areas and natural-human influencing factors
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摘要: 文章在对岩溶景观区可持续发展能力构成及其主要面临的现状和问题进行分析的基础上，初步梳理了其与四大影响要素之间复杂、动态的响应关系、过程和特征，认为：（1）岩溶景观，是景观区可持续发展能力的资源前提和其他要素共同的作用对象，岩溶景观类型及其特征和格局是判定景观区可持续发展能力强弱的根本和关键；（2）区域地质要素，包括区域地层和构造两大子要素，分别为岩溶景观区的可持续发展能力提供总体稳定不变、相似却又差异明显的物质基础和先天内在条件；（3）区域自然环境要素，为岩溶景观区可持续发展能力提供相对短暂但复杂多样、适时变化的外部自然环境条件：①水通过水动力的变化、空气和气候主要分别通过CO2含量和自身特征的变化全程直接参与景观区可持续发展过程并影响其能力的强弱；②土壤和生物主要分别通过改变土壤CO2含量和自身新陈代谢行为间接参与景观区可持续发展过程并影响其能力的强弱；③五个子要素之间是彼此交融、互为补充、相互作用的关系；（4）人类要素，是岩溶景观区可持续发展能力的具体决策、操作、运行要素及中枢神经，主要通过科学研究、开发利用、保护、改变其他要素的特征及它们各自之间的关系四种方式实现及保持和增强岩溶景观区可持续发展能力。再结合岩溶景观的类型、特征、关系和格局，以“个体→局部→整体”的思路，探讨点型、线型、面型三类景观及景观区可持续发展能力的调控技术和措施。Abstract:
At present, increasing human activities have brought about increasingly significant and severe adverse impacts on the sustainable development capacity of landscape areas in various karst regions around the world. In order to clarify the relationship between the Sustainable Development Capacity of Karst Landscape Areas (SDCKLA) and four influencing factors,including karst landscape, regional geology, regional natural environment, and human factors,this study combines a method of dynamic response with a systematic perspective. Based on an analysis of the composition of the SDCKLA and the main current situations and challenges these areas face, this study initially sorts out the complex dynamic response relationships, processes, and characteristics between SDCKLA and these four major influencing factors, concluding as follows: (1)The SDCKLA includes five major capabilities: development (quantity-target dimension), protection (protection dimension), sustainability (time dimension), resistance to interference (adaptability dimension), and health (quality dimension). These capabilities are measured through different specific indicators or characteristics, which collectively form a complex, dynamic, and variable system for the sustainable development capacity of karst landscape areas-similar yet distinct.(2) Karst landscapes are the resource prerequisite of the SDCKLA and serve as the common focus of other factors. The type and characteristics of karst landscapes-including their development, distribution, combinations, and six key attributes: aggregation, complexity, typicality, systematicness, completeness, and superiority-are fundamental in determining the strength of the SDCKLA. Additionally, the level, type, and area of karst landscapes exert a certain degree of influence on the strength of the SDCKLA.(3) Regional geological factors, comprising two sub-factors-regional strata (including distribution patterns, distribution area, lithology, burial, thickness, occurrence, solubility, degree of fragmentation, conditions of karst water occurrence, and water-bearing formations) and structure (including the type, intensity, and duration of tectonic movements, as well as faults, folds, joints, fractures, terrain, topography, and erosion base level)-provide an overall stable, consistent, yet distinct material foundation and inherent conditions for the SDCKLA. These factors control and influence the strength of the SDCKLA at both the material and structural levels. (4) Regional natural environment factors provide relatively brief but complex and varied external natural environment conditions with timely changes for the SDCKLA.①Water (including its types, hydrodynamic conditions, chemical characteristics, flow parameters, and water quality parameters, etc.) directly participates in the sustainable development process of karst landscape areas through hydrodynamic changes and directly controls and influences the strength of the SDCKLA. ② Air (including CO2 content, exchange volume, pollution level, air quality index, etc.) and climate (including climate type, precipitation, temperature, climate stability, etc.) directly participate in the sustainable development process of landscape areas through the changes in CO2 content and their inherent characteristics, respectively, thereby affecting the strength of the SDCKLA. ③ Soil (including soil type, CO2 content, thickness, aeration property, its utilization and contamination degree, etc.) and organisms (including plants, animals, microorganisms, their respective characteristics, rate of vegetation cover, biodiversity, etc.) indirectly participate in the process of sustainable development of landscape areas by changing soil CO2 content and metabolic behavior, respectively, thus influencing the strength of the SDCKLA. ④ These five sub-factors are mutually integrated, complementary, and interactive. (5) Human factors encompass the specific decision-making and operational elements and serve as the central nerve of the SDCKLA. The SDCKLA is realized, maintained, and enhanced mainly through scientific research (“think tank”), development and utilization (“implementer”), protection (“guardian”), and by changing the characteristics of other factors and their interrelationships (“double-edged sword”), which may have favorable or unfavorable effects, and the ways and degrees of effects are closely and positively correlated with the manner and intensity of human activities. Based on the aforementioned research and by integrating the types, characteristics, relationships, and patterns of karst landscapes, this study discusses regulation techniques and measures to enhance the sustainable development capacity of point, linear, and areal landscapes. This approach follows the concept of “individual → local →whole”, strengthening scientific research, formulating rational and evidenced-based plans, reducing geological disaster risks, implementing ecological restoration, optimizing the environmental, enhancing tourism appeal, scientifically regulating tourist numbers, conducting comprehensive regulation, establishing a monitoring systems, and developing a long-term operation and management system. These efforts aim to cultivate new high-quality productivity in karst tourism characterized by diverse types, distinctive features, and varied styles. -
图 1 岩溶景观区的可持续发展能力系统构成示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the sustainable development capacity system of karst landscape areas
图 3 岩溶景观区可持续发展能力与岩溶景观之间关系示意图
Figure 3. Relationship between the SDCKLA and karst landscapes
图 6 岩溶景观区可持续发展能力与人类要素间关系示意图
Figure 6. The relationship between the SDCKLA and human factors
图 4 岩溶景观区可持续发展能力与区域地质要素间关系示意图
Figure 4. Relationship between the SDCKLA and regional geology factors
图 5 岩溶景观区可持续发展能力与区域自然环境要素间关系示意图
Figure 5. Relationship between the SDCKLA and regional natural environment factors
图 7 点型岩溶景观可持续发展能力调控技术和措施示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of regulation techniques and measures for the sustainable development ability of point karst landscapes
图 10 岩溶景观区可持续发展能力调控技术和措施示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of regulation techniques and measures for the SDCKLA
图 8 线型岩溶景观可持续发展能力调控技术和措施示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of regulation techniques and measures for the sustainable development ability of linear karst landscapes
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