Evolutionary characteristics of rocky desertification land in the karst areas of the Beipanjiang River Basin
-
摘要: 石漠化是中国西南地区经济社会发展与生态建设的关键制约因素之一，其动态监测与演变特征评估对于区域石漠化防治及生态保护体系构建兼具重要的理论与实践价值。文章选取国家林业和草原局公布的岩溶地区2005—2021年间的四次石漠化调查监测数据，运用长时间序列动态分析方法，剖析北盘江流域尺度上石漠化的时空演变特征和未来发展趋势。结果显示：（1）2005—2021年间，北盘江流域植被覆盖度由29.6%提升至40.6%，基岩裸露度由34.2%降至27.9%，石漠化土地面积占比由42.2%缩减至18.9%；（2）北盘江流域石漠化土地主要集中在中下游，其中度以上石漠化土地占该区域岩溶面积的35%以上，上游中度及以上石漠化土地占比不足10%；（3）未来2026年及2031年北盘江流域石漠化仍将持续改善，中度及以上石漠化面积较2021年分别减少241.53 km2和408.61 km2。过去15年里，北盘江流域石漠化态势得到有效控制，而部分地区仍面临高度不稳定状态，或呈现恶化态势的风险；未来在多种政策措施支持下，该流域石漠化情况将持续改善，但部分严重区域的治理工作将面临更大挑战。Abstract:
Rocky desertification is a significant constraint on socio-economic development and ecological construction in Southwest China. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and future trends of rocky desertification in the Beipanjiang River Basin using the first, second, third, and fourth rocky desertification survey and monitoring datasets from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. The Beipanjiang River, a major tributary of the Pearl River, originates in the Wumeng Mountains of Yunnan Province and traverses Guizhou Province. Characterized by significant topographical relief and extensive karst distribution, the Beipanjiang River Basin is a vital ecological functional area in Southwest China. This study aims to provide scientific support for regional ecological protection and rocky desertification control. Data from 2006 to 2022-including vegetation coverage, bare rock exposure rate, vegetation type, soil layer thickness, and rocky desertification degree-were analyzed with the use of “3S” technology (Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems, and Global Positioning Systems) alongside field surveys. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics were assessed through dynamic analysis methods, and future trends were predicted with the use of the Markov model. Results show that from 2005 to 2021, vegetation coverage increased from 29.6% to 40.6%, the bare rock exposure rate decreased from 34.2% to 27.9%, and the proportion of rocky desertification land area shrank from 42.2% to 18.9%. Rocky desertification land was mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches, where areas experiencing moderate and severe rocky desertification accounted for over 35% of the karst area. Predictions indicate that by 2026 and 2031, the extent of moderately and severely desertified land will decrease by 241.53 km² and 408.61 km², respectively. Over the past 15 years, rocky desertification has been effectively controlled, although some areas still experience instability and face the risk of deterioration. Future efforts, supported by policy measures, are expected to further improve the situation, despite ongoing challenges in severely affected regions. This study recommends to further strengthen ecological protection and restoration, increase financial and technological investment, and improve the dynamic monitoring and scientific evaluation system to support policy optimization. Additionally, further research is needed to understand the impact mechanisms of climate change on rocky desertification and explore new governance pathways adapted to climate change. -
图 1 北盘江流域岩溶地区范围示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the karst area in the Beipanjiang River Basin
图 4 北盘江流域石漠化空间分布
Figure 4. Distribution of rocky desertification in Beipanjiang River Basin
图 5 北盘江流域2005—2021年石漠化空间转化
Figure 5. Spatial transformation of rocky desertification in the Beipanjiang River Basin from 2005 to 2021
表 1 北盘江流域2005—2021年不同类型石漠化动态度
Table 1. Dynamic degree of different types of rocky desertification of the Beipanjiang River Basin from 2005 to 2021
类型 面积/km2 2005−2011年 2011−2016年 2016−2021年 2005年 2011年 2016年 2021年 变化面积/km2 动态度/% 变化面积/km2 动态度/% 变化面积/km2 动态度/% Ⅰ 7060.46 7136.25 7445.97 8049.44 75.79 0.21 309.72 0.87 603.47 1.62 Ⅱ 3155.14 3420.15 4494.10 6276.26 265.01 1.68 1073.95 6.28 1782.16 7.93 Ⅲ 1957.70 2314.93 2198.65 1329.87 357.23 3.65 −116.28 −1.00 −868.78 −7.90 Ⅳ 3771.94 3322.67 2562.11 1429.17 −449.27 −2.38 −760.56 −4.58 − 1132.94 −8.84 Ⅴ 1269.27 1221.97 833.98 550.87 −47.30 −0.75 −387.99 −6.35 −283.11 −6.79 Ⅵ 450.51 249.05 130.21 29.41 −201.46 −8.94 −118.84 −9.54 −100.80 −15.48 注：Ⅰ.非石漠化土地；Ⅱ.潜在石漠化土地；Ⅲ.轻度石漠化土地；Ⅳ.中度石漠化土地；Ⅴ.重度石漠化土地；Ⅵ.极重度石漠化土地。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 北盘江流域2005—2021年石漠化综合动态度
Table 2. Integrated dynamic degree of rocky desertification of the Beipanjiang River Basin from 2005 to 2021
2005—2011年 2011—2016年 2016—2021年 变化面积/km2 动态度/% 变化面积/km2 动态度/% 变化面积/km2 动态度/% 1396.06 1.58 2767.34 3.13 4771.26 5.40
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 北盘江流域2005—2021年石漠化土地转移情况
Table 3. Evolution of rocky desertification in the Beipanjiang River Basin from 2005 to 2021
变化类型 变化面积 Area of change/km2 2005—2011年 2011—2016年 2016—2021年 明显改善型 1187.00 2276.84 2696.58 轻微改善型 1079.58 688.04 309.74 稳定型 13843.01 13756.58 14319.99 退化加剧型 574.56 152.20 142.22 退化严重加剧型 980.87 791.36 196.49 注：明显改善型：石漠化程度顺向演变两级或者两级以上；轻微改善型：石漠化程度顺向演变一级；稳定型：石漠化程度均没有发生变化；退化加剧型：石漠化程度逆向演变一级；退化严重加剧型：石漠化程度逆向演变两级或者两级以上。
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 北盘江流域2026年和2031年石漠化类型预测结果
Table 4. Prediction results of rocky desertification types of the Beipanjiang River Basins in 2026 and 2031
年份 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 面积/km2 占比 面积/km2 占比 面积/km2 占比 面积/km2 占比 面积/km2 占比 面积/km2 占比 2026 8273.31 46.83% 6135.78 34.73% 1488.01 8.42% 1353.06 7.66% 385.63 2.18% 29.23 0.18% 2031 8462.72 47.91% 6030.56 34.14% 1570.9 8.89% 1277.48 7.23% 295.65 1.67% 27.71 0.16% 注：Ⅰ.非石漠化土地；Ⅱ.潜在石漠化土地；Ⅲ.轻度石漠化土地；Ⅳ.中度石漠化土地；Ⅴ.重度石漠化土地；Ⅵ.极重度石漠化土地。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 王世杰. 喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J]. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(2): 101-105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2002.02.006WANG Shijie. Concept deduction and its connotation of karst rocky desertification[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2002, 21(2): 101-105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2002.02.006 [2] 盛茂银, 熊康宁, 崔高仰, 刘洋. 贵州喀斯特石漠化地区植物多样性与土壤理化性质[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(2): 434-448.SHENG Maoyin, XIONG Kangning, CUI Gaoyang, LIU Yang. Plant diversity and soil physical-chemical properties in karst rocky desertification ecosystem of Guizhou, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(2): 434-448. [3] 范金明, 张超, 钱慧, 朱夏力, 邓再春, 刘佰艳. 岩溶石漠化地区生态环境演变及驱动力分析[J]. 森林与环境学报, 2024, 44(3): 298-307.FAN Jinming, ZHANG Chao, QIAN Hui, ZHU Xiali, DENG Zaichun, LIU Baiyan. Environmental evolution and driving force analysis in karst rocky desertification areas[J]. Journal of Forest and Environment, 2024, 44(3): 298-307. [4] 应奎, 李旭东, 郭晓芳. 岩溶地区城市铁路通达度评价及影响因素分析[J]. 高原科学研究, 2020, 4(4): 104-116.YING Kui, LI Xudong, GUO Xiaofang. Evaluation of urban railway accessibility and analysis of influencing factors in karst areas[J]. Plateau Science Research, 2020, 4(4): 104-116. [5] 安科, 邓军, 彭正武, 吴宁, 任晓东, 张如松, 余正才, 毛凯东. 云南省岩溶地区石漠化土地治理分区研究[J]. 林业调查规划, 2024, 49(3): 58-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2024.03.010AN Ke, DENG Jun, PENG Zengwu, WU Ning, REN Xiaodong, ZHANG Rusong, YU Zengcai, MAO Kaidong. Zoning study on rocky desertification land management in karst areas of Yunnan Province[J]. Forest Inventory and Planning, 2024, 49(3): 58-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2024.03.010 [6] 郭婷婷, 丁洪伟, 张浩, 曾昭霞, 刘孝利. 中国西南喀斯特地区生态系统服务权衡/协同研究及展望[J]. 自然资源学报, 2024, 39(6): 1384-1398. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20240608GUO Tingting, DING Hongwei, ZHANG Hao, ZENG Zhaoxia, LIU Xiaoli. Research and prospects on ecosystem services and trade-offs/synergies relationships in the karst regions of southwestern China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2024, 39(6): 1384-1398. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20240608 [7] 杨青, 杨广斌, 戴丽, 赵青松, 罗毓融. 喀斯特地区石漠化与土壤类型的空间相关分析: 以贵州省为例[J]. 中国岩溶, 2019, 38(1): 80-87.YANG Qing, YANG Guangbin, DAI Li, ZHAO Qingsong, LUO Yurong. Spatial correlation analysis of rocky desertification and soil types in karst areas: A case study of Guizhou Province[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2019, 38(1): 80-87. [8] 余梦, 李阳兵, 罗光杰. 中国西南岩溶山地石漠化演变趋势[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(10): 4267-4283.YU Meng, LI Yangbing, LUO Guojie. Evolutionary trends of rocky desertification in karst mountains of southwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(10): 4267-4283. [9] 吴照柏, 但新球, 吴协保, 屠志方, 李梦先. 岩溶地区石漠化土地动态变化与原因分析[J]. 中南林业调查规划, 2013, 32(2): 62-66. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6075.2013.02.017WU Zhaobai, DAN Xinqiu, WU Xiebao, TU Zhifang, LI Mengxian. Dynamic changes and cause analysis of rocky desertification land in karst areas[J]. Central South Forest Inventory and Planning, 2013, 32(2): 62-66. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6075.2013.02.017 [10] 李阳兵. 中国西南岩溶山地石漠化转型演变解析[J]. 中国岩溶, 2021, 40(4): 698-706.LI Yangbing. Analysis of the transformation and evolution of rocky desertification in karst mountains of southwest China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2021, 40(4): 698-706. [11] 张殿发, 王世杰, 周德全, 李瑞玲. 土地石漠化的生态地质环境背景及其驱动机制: 以贵州省喀斯特山区为例[J].农村生态环境, 2002, 18(1): 6-10.ZHANG Dianfa, WANG Shijie, ZHOU Dequan, LI Ruiling. Ecological and geological background and driving mechanisms of land desertification in karst areas: A case study of Guizhou Province[J]. Rural Ecology and Environment, 2002, 18(1): 6-10. [12] 王小凤, 杨广斌. 贵州省北盘江流域喀斯特石漠化变化特征及治理成效分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2023, 40(8): 77-83. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220173WANG Xiaofeng, YANG Guangbin. Change characteristics and control effect of karst rocky desertification in Beipanjiang river basin of Guizhou Province[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2023, 40(8): 77-83. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220173 [13] 赵磊磊, 雷艳娇, 陈俊松, 朱仕荣, 周建洪, 唐芳林, 蓝芙宁, 曹建华. 云南红河州石漠化演变过程及其综合治理成效[J]. 中国岩溶, 2019, 38(5): 704-712. doi: 10.11932/karst20190506ZHAO Leilei, LEI Yanjiao, CHEN Junsong, ZHU Shirong, ZHOU Jianhong, TANG Fanglin, LAN Funing, CAO Jianhua. Evolution process comprehensive control of rocky desertification in Honghe state, Yunnan Province[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2019, 38(5): 704-712. doi: 10.11932/karst20190506 [14] 李松, 罗绪强. 基于多时相遥感的喀斯特石漠化监测研究[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(11): 262-267.LI Song, LUO Xuqiang. Monitoring of karst rocky desertification based on multi-temporal remote sensing[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(11): 262-267. [15] 彭丽福, 赵宇鸾, 杨小飘. 北盘江流域社会生态系统脆弱性时空演变与模拟[J]. 水土保持研究, 2024, 31(4): 316-325.PENG Lifu, ZHAO Yuluan, YANG Xiaopiao. Spatiotemporal evolution and simulation of social-ecological system vulnerability in the Beipanjiang river basin[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2024, 31(4): 316-325. [16] 滕建珍, 苏维词, 廖风林. 贵州北盘江镇喀斯特峡谷石漠化地区生态经济治理模式及效益分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2004, 2(3): 70-74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2004.03.016TENG Jianzhen, SU Weici, LIAO Fenglin. Analysis of eco-economic control models and benefits of rocky desertification region in Huajiang karst gorge in Guizhou[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 2(3): 70-74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2004.03.016 [17] 朱娜.贵州省北盘江流域石漠化时空演替差异及驱动机理解析[D].贵阳: 贵州师范大学, 2023.ZHU Na.Analysis of spatiotemporal succession differences and driving mechanisms of rocky desertification in the Beipanjiang river basin, Guizhou Province[D].Guiyang: Guizhou Normal University, 2023. [18] 岩溶地区石漠化调查技术规定(2021年修订). 国家林业和草原局, 2021. [19] 邓欧, 李亦秋, 杨广斌, 李若霜. 贵州喀斯特石漠化防治的国家重点生态功能区生态系统健康度评价[J]. 中国岩溶, 2020, 39(5): 689-696. doi: 10.11932/karst20200506DENG Ou, LI Yiqiu, YANG Guangbin, LI Ruoshuang. Evaluation on the ecosystem health of national key ecological function areas for karst rocky desertification prevention and control in Guizhou Province[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2020, 39(5): 689-696. doi: 10.11932/karst20200506 [20] 张军以, 戴明宏, 王腊春, 苏维词. 生态功能优先背景下的西南岩溶区石漠化治理问题[J]. 中国岩溶, 2014, 33(4): 464-472. doi: 10.11932/karst20140411ZHANG Junyi, DAI Minghong, WANG Lachun, SU Weici. Rocky desertification control issues in the context of priority for ecological function in karst areas of southwest China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2014, 33(4): 464-472. doi: 10.11932/karst20140411 [21] 陈舒婷. 典型喀斯特地区石漠化时空演变格局及其驱动机制分析[D]. 淄博: 山东理工大学, 2022.CHEN Shuting. Spatial and temporal evolution pattern and driving mechanism of rocky desertification in typical karst areas[D]. Zibo: Shandong University of Technology, 2022. [22] 张文源, 王百田. 贵州喀斯特石漠化分类分级探讨[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 39(2): 148-154.ZHANG Wenyuan, WANG Baitian. Discussion on classification and gradation of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou Province[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2015, 39(2): 148-154. [23] 卢涛, 胡文英, 张军. 滇东喀斯特地区石漠化时空演化特征研究: 以曲靖市为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2021, 35(8): 71-79.LU Tao, HU Wenying, ZHANG Jun. Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of rocky desertification in karst area of Qujing City, eastern Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2021, 35(8): 71-79. [24] Wei D , Chang Y , Song D , Kuang H. Spatial distribution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification in Southwest China based on GIS and geodetector[J]. Open Geosciences, 2024, 16(1): 18-27. [25] 杨董琳, 王忠诚, 胡文敏, 曹丹, 刘昊. 石漠化地区遥感影像信息提取方法综述[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2020, 27(3): 133-141.YANG Donglin, WANG Zhongcheng, HU Wenmin, CAO Dan, LIU Hao. Survey of remote sensing image information extraction methodsin rocky desertification areas[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2020, 27(3): 133-141. [26] 江山, 石旭飞, 郭常来, 冯雨林, 孙秀波, 孙家全, 倪金. 基于CA-Markov模型的大凌河流域土地利用变化与模拟预测研究[J]. 地质与资源, 2023, 32(5): 624-632.JIANG Shan, SHI Xufei, GUO Changlai, FENG Yulin, SUN Xiubo, SUN Jiaquan, NI Jin. Land use changes and simulation prediction in Daling river basin based on CA-Markov Model[J]. Geology and Resources, 2023, 32(5): 624-632. [27] 陈棋, 张超, 田湘云, 史小蓉, 张玉薇, 王妍. 云南省2000—2020年石漠化时空演变分析[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2023, 40(2): 417-426. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210806CHEN Qi, ZHANG Chao, TIAN Xiangyun, SHI Xiaorong, ZHANG Yuwei, WANG Yan. Spatio-temporal evolution process of rocky desertification in Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2020[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A& F University, 2023, 40(2): 417-426. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210806 [28] 杜品品. 北盘江流域三生空间格局演变与驱动因素[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2024, 43(2): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2363.2024.02.007DU Pinpin. Evolution of the pattern and driving factors of production-living-ecological space in the Beipan river basin[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2024, 43(2): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2363.2024.02.007 -
点击查看大图
图(5) / 表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 14
- HTML浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
