基于MODFLOW-CFPv2的岩溶隧道区域地下水数值模拟

陈荩娜; 安官平; 杨都强; 王云江; 彭航; 杨廷巧; 黄涛

doi:10.11932/karst20250403

基于MODFLOW-CFPv2的岩溶隧道区域地下水数值模拟

doi: 10.11932/karst20250403

1.
西南交通大学, 四川成都 611756
2.
中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司, 四川成都 610031
3.
中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司, 天津 300074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42277043）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈荩娜（2000—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事岩溶地下水数值模拟研究。E-mail：cjna_0615@163.com

通讯作者:
黄涛（1970—），男，教授，工学博士，主要从事岩溶地下水数值模拟研究。E-mail：taohuang70@126.com。

中图分类号: P641.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-20
- 录用日期: 2025-03-05
- 修回日期: 2025-02-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-25

Numerical simulation of groundwater in karst tunnel areas based on MODFLOW-CFPv2

1.
Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
2.
China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
3.
North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research InstituteCo.,Ltd., Tianjin 300074, China

摘要

摘要: 中国西南地区岩溶发育强烈，裂隙—孔隙双重介质特征显著，隧道施工往往对区域地下水流场造成重大影响。为提高非均质岩溶水系统的刻画精度，基于MODFLOW-CFPv2双重介质耦合模型，对贵州某典型岩溶隧道所在区域的地下水系统进行数值模拟。通过分析区域地下水运动规律，定量评价了隧道施工对地下水流场及泉流量的影响。模拟结果表明，隧道施工期间，预测峰值涌水量超过20 000 m³∙d⁻¹，且隧道施工对区域地下水系统的扰动具有长期性。验证了MODFLOW-CFPv2模型在复杂岩溶水系统中的应用潜力，为隧道施工及区域生态保护提供了科学依据。
- MODFLOW-CFPv2 /
- 涌水预测 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 岩溶地下水
Abstract: Southwest China is a typical karst development area, and the groundwater system is extremely complex, with a high degree of heterogeneity and complexity. The karst geological features in this area usually show a fissure-pore dual-media structure, and this geohydrological feature leads to the obvious nonlinear behavior of groundwater flow patterns. These special geological conditions not only pose significant challenges to the development and utilization of groundwater resources, but also complicate the accurate prediction of groundwater dynamics. In particular, when the tunnel construction is conducted in karst areas, it is easy to affect the groundwater flow field and produce water inrush disasters, which will have a far-reaching impact on the local groundwater resources, ecological environment, and even social and economic activities. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and understand the law of groundwater flow in karst areas and to accurately predict the amount of groundwater inflow and flow modes during tunnel construction, so as to ensure the safety of engineering construction, the protection of water resources, and the prevention of groundwater pollution.In this study, the MODFLOW-CFPv2 dual-media coupling model has been adopted. This model integrates two mechanisms-pipeline flow and matrix flow-enabling effective simulation of the complex water flow interaction between the fractured pipeline and the surrounding matrix in karst systems. The introduction of this model enables researchers to more accurately describe the laminar and turbulent flow characteristics in karst groundwater systems, and provides a powerful tool for in-depth understanding and simulation of the dynamics of karst groundwater. By integrating Gempy 3D geological modeling technology, this study further improves the fitting ability of the model to the complex geological structures of karst areas, thereby providing a more realistic depiction of groundwater flow characteristics within the tunnel area. During the simulation, key parameters, including the hydraulic conduction coefficient, recharge coefficient, pipeline size, and friction coefficient, have been calibrated through actual geological and hydrological data to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the model results.The main objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the water inflow and its influence on the groundwater flow field during tunnel construction in karst areas through numerical simulation, so as to provide theoretical support for the hydrological management of tunnel construction. In order to ensure the reliability of the simulation results, a large number of field monitoring data were used for model calibration. Specifically, the long-term monitoring data of borehole water level and spring flow were used as calibration objective functions to reflect the hydrological trend before and after tunnel construction. After calibration, the results showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the simulated water level and the measured water level is more than 0.98. This indicates that the model can accurately reflect the actual groundwater dynamics and provides a reliable basis for subsequent predictions.Simulation results revealed a significant variation in water inflow during tunnel construction. At the beginning of tunnel excavation, the predicted peak water inflow exceeded 20,000 m³·d^-1 due to the drastic changes in the groundwater flow field caused by excavation, indicating a substantially increased risk of water inrush disasters. The simulation also showed that the drainage channel formed after the tunnel excavation caused a rapid drop in groundwater levels, far exceeding natural fluctuations. Even after the completion of the construction, groundwater levels had not returned to pre-excavation levels and remained approximately two meters lower, indicating a lasting impact of tunnel construction on the hydrological system. These findings provide important evidence for the hydrological management during tunnel construction, highlighting the need to consider the long-term effects of such projects on groundwater flow and water levels, especially in karst areas.Furthermore, this study revealed the profound impact of tunnel construction on groundwater flow and spring flow variations. As the tunnel excavation progresses, groundwater is rapidly discharged through karst pipelines, leading to significant changes in regional groundwater flow and spring discharge. The research findings indicate that during tunnel construction, groundwater flow is influenced not only by fissure flow but also interacted with matrix flow, further complicating the groundwater flow patterns. By analyzing the model results, researchers can more accurately identify the extent of the impact of tunnel construction on the groundwater flow field and propose corresponding hydrological management measures.
- MODFLOW-CFPv2 /
- water inflow prediction /
- numerical simulation /
- karst groundwater

HTML

图 1 研究区位置与数字高程图

Figure 1. Location and digital elevation map of the study area

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图 2 岩溶水系统平面概化图

Figure 2. Schematic plan of karst water system

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图 3 模型剖面与实际剖面对比图

Figure 3. Comparison between model cross-section and actual geological cross-section

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图 4 初始流场图

Figure 4. Initial flow field map

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图 5 钻孔水位拟合曲线图

Figure 5. Fitted curve for water level of borehole

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图 6 S4泉流量拟合曲线图

Figure 6. Fitted curve for discharge from Spring S4

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图 7 预测隧道排水量图

Figure 7. Predicted diagram of tunnel drainage volume

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图 8 自然及隧道排水条件下地下水水位变化图

Figure 8. Diagram of groundwater level variations under natural and tunnel drainage conditions

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表 1 基质参数设置

Table 1. Parameter settings for the matrix

地层	岩性	垂向渗透系数/m∙d⁻¹	水平渗透系数/m∙d⁻¹	给水度/m⁻¹	入渗系数
T₂y	均匀状纯碳酸盐岩层组	0.80	0.08	0.15	0.60
T₁yn¹
T₁yn³
T₁yn⁴
T₁yn²	非碳酸盐岩层	0.008	0.001	0.06	0.05
T₂g¹	间层状纯碳酸盐岩层	0.50	0.05	0.10	0.30

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表 2 岩溶管道参数设置

Table 2. Parameter settings for the karst pipeline

岩溶管道	直径/m	曲折度	管壁粗糙度	低雷诺数	高雷诺数	管壁渗透系数
S4岩溶管道	1.2	1.2	0.0001	2300	4000	0.8
S5岩溶管道	2.0	1.4	0.0001	2300	4000	1.0
S24岩溶管道	0.5	1.0	0.0001	2300	4000	0.5

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