Research on the standardized system of protecting and utilizing karst cave tourism resources
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摘要: 岩溶洞穴是世界上最重要地质旅游资源之一，其脆弱的生态环境给保护利用带来重大挑战，洞穴生态环境一旦破坏难以恢复，洞穴旅游资源保护利用规划设计是岩溶洞穴旅游可持续利用的有效手段。中国虽在岩溶洞穴旅游规划的理论研究中取得重要成果，但系统化和规范化存在不足，给岩溶洞穴资源可持续发展带来巨大挑战。文章针对目前中国洞穴旅游开发的现状，以研究现状为基础，结合国外研究成果，（1）从洞穴自身特点出发，借鉴相关地质遗迹保护利用规划编制的技术要求，构建岩溶洞穴旅游资源保护利用模式；（2）凝练其利用规划设计的核心要素及关系；（3）以岩溶洞穴旅游资源保护利用模式为基础，围绕规划设计核心要素，梳理岩溶洞穴旅游开发规划设计的基本构成，并阐述其内容及特点；（4）根据岩溶旅游资源自身特点，结合其他地质遗迹管理经验，提出岩溶洞穴旅游资源保护利用机制。Abstract:
Karst caves are among the most important geological tourism resources in the world, yet their delicate ecological environments present great challenges for both the protection and sustainable utilization. Once cave ecological environments are destroyed, restoring them is challenging. Therefore, the planning for the protection and utilization of cave tourism resources is an effective approach to the sustainable use of karst cave tourism. Although China has made great achievements in the theoretical research on the planning of karst cave tourism, there is insufficient systematization and standardization, which brings great challenges to the sustainable development of karst cave resources. Therefore, based on the current status of cave tourism development in China and existing research, it is essential to establish a standardized system for the protection and utilization of these resources, drawing on international researching findings. This study was conducted from the following aspects, (1) The fundamental characteristics of protecting and utilizing karst cave tourism resources were analyzed from the perspective of human-land relationship. This analysis revealed the internal relationship between the protection and utilization components of karst cave tourism resources, as well as the protection and utilization system of the resources. Additionally, it incorporated the technical requirements of planning protection and utilization of relevant geological heritage, and examined the influences and relationships affecting cave resources from four aspects: organization, leadership, planning and supervision. The goal was to develop a protection and utilization mode for karst cave tourism resources. (2) The core elements of planning and designing, along with their interrelationships were analyzed and summarized, based on the resource characteristics of protecting and utilizing karst cave tourism resources, and the social attributes of the tourism market. (3) Based on the protection and utilization mode for karst cave tourism resources, the basic components of the planning and designing karst cave tourism development were sorted out. The core elements and their interrelationships of the planning were examined, while its contents and characteristics were also elaborated. It is believed that the utilization of cave resources should be governed not only by its own characteristics, but also by their connection to relevant attributes of the surface. The detailed planning involves landscape design, which is also the core of planning and designing cave tourism. At the same time, the effective operation of cave tourism and the sustainable utilization of resources are the ultimate goals of planning and designing the protection and utilization of karst cave tourism. Relevant measures are necessary to ensure the healthy and orderly operation of these resources. (4) According to the thematic, professional, highly protective, regional coordination, and comprehensive characteristics of karst tourism resource utilization, and in conjunction with other geological heritage management experience, the protection and utilization mechanism for karst cave tourism resources has been developed based on four aspects: organization, leadership, planning and supervision. By analyzing the human-land relationship in the protection and utilization of karst cave tourism resources, this study summarizes the key elements involved in both protection and utilization. It establishes a model for the protection and utilization of karst cave resources, drawing on both domestic and foreign research findings and practical experience. Furthermore, this study analyzes the characteristics of karst cave planning through various frameworks, including SWOT analysis of resources, control planning, landscape planning, and support planning. This study aims to clarify the content of a planning system of protecting and utilizing karst cave resources. It illuminates the ideas and methods for planning the protection and utilization of karst cave tourism resources. It develops a protection and utilization mechanism, striving to enhance the practicability and feasibility of planning efforts. The goal is to ensure the healthy, orderly and sustainable utilization of cave tourism, while also guiding and supervising government actions. Besides, this study seeks to facilitate administrative approval, supervision, and operational management by both government entities and stakeholders involved in the protection and utilization of cave tourism resources. This study holds great practical significance in supporting the sustainable development of karst cave tourism resources. -
Key words:
- karst cave /
- tourism resources /
- protection and utilization /
- standardized system /
- cave tourism
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图 1 岩溶洞穴旅游资源保护利用人—地关系
Figure 1. Human-land relationship of protecting and utilizing karst cave tourism resources
图 2 岩溶洞穴旅游资源保护利用构成
Figure 2. Main factors of protecting and utilizing karst cave tourism resources
图 3 岩溶洞穴资源保护—意义—价值相互关系
Figure 3. Relationship between protection, significance and value of karst cave resources
图 4 岩溶洞穴资源自然性—洞穴旅游资源保护—价值导向相互关系
Figure 4. Relationship between the nature of karst cave resources,protection of cave tourism landscape and value orientation
图 5 岩溶洞穴资源利用与环境要素关系
Figure 5. Relationship between resource utilization and environmental factors of karst cave resources
图 6 岩溶洞穴旅游资源保护利用模式
Figure 6. Conceptual model of protecting and utilizing karst cave tourism resources
图 8 岩溶洞穴保护性利用体系框图
Figure 8. Block diagram of the system of protecting and utilizing karst caves
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